Interplay Between Cardiac Injury Markers, Renal Function, and Lipid Profile in Hypertension: Evidence from a Case–Control Study
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Abstract
Background: The main complications of Hypertension are cardiovascular, renal, inflammatory, and metabolic. Although there are many studies that have focused on one of these complications, not many have focused on the interactions between them, especially in developing countries. The current study aims to explore the interactions between cardiac damage biomarkers, renal injury indicators, and the lipid profile among hypertensive and normotensive individuals.
Methods: The study was conducted at Melendu Hospital, Anara, Imo State, Nigeria, with a total of 254 participants (160 hypertensive and 94 normotensive individuals). Serum troponin-I (cTn-I), CKMB, hsCRP, renal parameters, electrolytes, and lipids were evaluated. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05.
Results: The largest proportion of hypertensive patients was aged 51–65 years. There were positive significant correlations between CKMB and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.228, p = 0.010), and pulse pressure (r = 0.255, p = 0.001), and mean arterial pressure (r = 0.184, p = 0.050 sodium (r = 0.321, p = 0.001), potassium (r = 0.279, p = 0.001), and no associations were found between CKMB and lipids. There were weak associations between hsCRP and blood pressure, renal function, and lipids, and most of them were not significant.
Conclusion: The results indicate that the relationship between cardio, renal, and metabolic pathways in hypertension may be somewhat limited. The findings indicate that hemodynamic burden and electrolyte derangement may contribute to myocardial stress more than the inflammatory and lipid profiles.
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