Assessment of haematological parameters in patients with chronic kidney disease in Sokoto, Northern Nigeria.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71637/tnhj.v25i1.853Keywords:
Evaluation, Haematological parameters, chronic kidney diseaseAbstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem globally that is associated with alteration of haematological parameters. The study assessed some haematological parameters of patients with chronic kidney disease in Sokoto, Northern Nigeria.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 122 male CKD patients, aged 20-84 years, recruited from Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto and Specialist Hospital Sokoto, and 50, age- and sex- matched apparently healthy subjects recruited from Sokoto metropolis between October 2019 and September, 2020. The values of haematocrit, total white blood cell and platelet count were determined using Mythic 18 haematology analyser.
Results: The values of haematocrit and lymphocyte count were significantly lower while the total white blood cell count and neutrophil count were significantly higher in CKD patients compared to the control subjects (P<0.001), however, there was no significant difference in the platelet counts of CKD patients and the control group (P=0.406). Age had no significant effect on the values of haematocrit, total white blood cell count, neutrophil count and lymphocyte count (P>0.05) while platelet count fluctuated significantly with age (P=0.02). However, lymphocyte count reduced significantly with increasing stage of CKD (P=0.004) while haematocrit, total white blood cell count, neutrophil count and platelet count showed no significant differences with stages of CKD (P>0.05).
Conclusion: CKD is associated with significantly lower values of haematocrit and lymphocyte count, and significantly higher values of total white blood cell count and neutrophil count with little or no effect of age and stage of CKD.
Downloads
References
1. Baumgarten M, Gehr T. Chronic Kidney Disease: Detection and Evaluation. Am Fam Physician 2011; 84(10): 1138-1148.
2. National Kidney Foundation. K-DOQ1 clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis 2002; 39 (2 Suppl1):S1- S246.
3. Junjie H, Runjiang K, Wilhem T, Yimin D, Rong D, Jincui Y, et al. Global, Regional and National Burden due to Glomerulonephritis from 1990 to 2019: A systematic analysis from the Global burden of disease study 2019. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 18(1): 60-71.
4. Perneger TV, Brancati FL, Whelton PK, Klag MJ. End-stage renal disease attributable to diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med 1994; 121: 912-918.
5. Haroun MK, Jaar BG, Hoffman SC, Comstock GW, Klag MJ, Coresh J. Risk factors for chronic kidney disease: a prospective study of 23,534 men and women in Washington County, Maryland. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003; 14: 2934-2941.
6. Webster AC, Nagler EV, Morton RL, Masson P. Chronic Kidney Disease. The Lancet 2017; 389 (10075): 1238-1252.
7. Barsoum RS. Chronic kidney disease in the developing world. N Engl J Med 2006; 354:997-999.
8. DuBose Jr. T. D. American Society of Nephrology Presidential Address 2006: Chronic Kidney Disease as a public health threat- New strategy for a growing problem. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18: 1038-1045.
9. Jha V, Garcia G, Iseki K, Li Z, Naicker S, Plattner B, et al. chronic kidney disease: global dimension and perspectives. Lancet 2013; 382: 260-272.
10. Arogundade FA, Barsoum RS. CKD prevention in Sub-Sahara Africa: a call for governmental and community support. Am J Kidney Dis 2008; 51(3): 515-523.
11. Kadiri S, Arije A. Temporal variations and meterological factors in hospital admissions of chronic renal failure in South-west Nigeria. West Afr J Med 1999; 18: 49-51.
12. Tekale S, Shingari P, Wandherkar S. Prediction of chronic kidney disease using machine learning algorithm. IJARCCE 2018; 7(10): 92-96.
13. Abdel-Kader K, Unruh ML, Weisbord SD. Symptom burden, depression, and quality of life in chronic and end-stage kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 4(6): 1057-1064.
14. Fraser S, Blakeman T. Chronic kidney disease: Identification and management in primary care. Pragmat Obs Res 2016; 7: 21-32.
15. Tonelli M, Wiebe N, Knoll G, Bello A, Browne S, Jadhav D, et al. Systematic review: Kidney transplantation compared with dialysis in clinically relevant outcomes. Am J Transplant 2011: 11 (10): 2093-2109.
16. Zachee P, Vermylen J, Boogaerts MA. Haematologic aspect of end stage renal failure. Ann Hematol 1994; 69: 33-40.
17. Iyawe IO, Adejumo OA. Haematological profile of predialysis chronic kidney disease patients in tertiary hospital in Southern Nigeria. J Med Trop 2018; 20(1): 36-41.
18. Ahmed J, Khan MT, Hameed B. Haematological profile in patients with chronic kidney disease in Pakistan: a cross- sectional research study. J Egypt Soc Nephrol Transplant 2021; 21(1): 57-63.
19. Shastry I, Belurkar S The spectrum of red blood cell parameters in chronic kidney disease: a study of 300 cases. J Appl Haematol 2019; 10(2): 61-66.
20. Potoles J, Martin L, Broseta JJ, Cases A. Anaemia in Chronic Kidney Disease: From Pathology and Current Treatment, to Future Agents. Front Med 2021; 8.
21. Hain D, Bednarski D, Cahill M, Dix A, Foote B, Haras MS, et al. Iron-deficiency anaemia in CKD: A narrative review for the kidney care team. Kidney Med 2023; 25(8): 100677.
22. Kadhim HM, Al-Ghanimi HH, AL-Dedah RM. Haematological parameters and biochemical indices in patients with chronic kidney disease before haemodialysis Al-Furat Al-Awsat Governorates/Iran. AIP Conference Proceedings 2290, 2020:020004.
23. Suresh M, Reddy NM, Singh MS, Bandi HK, Keerthi GS, Chandrasekhar M. Haematological changes in chronic renal failure. IJSRP 2012; 2 (9): 1-4.
24. Turkmen K, Guney I, Yerlikaya FH, Tonbul HZ. The relationship between neutrophil - to - lymphocyte ratio and inflammation in end-stage renal disease patients. Ren Fail 2012; 34 (2): 155-159.
25. Rahma MA, Shanjana Y, Ahmed MS, Dhama K, Fahim MH, Mahmud T, et al. Hematological abnormalities and comorbidities are associated with the severity of kidney disease: A hospital-based crossectional study in Bangladesh. Clin Pathol 2022; 15: 2632010X221114807.
26. Agarwal R, Light RP. Patterns and prognostic value of total and differential leucocyte count in chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 6(6): 1393-1399.
27. Shenkut M, Urgessa F, Alemu R, Abebe B. Assessment of the hematological profile of children with Hospital Millennium Medical College and Tikur Anbessa Specialised Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Nephrol 2024; 25: 44.
28. Reddan DN, Klassen PS, Szcech LA, Colalonato JA, O’shea S, Owen WF, et al. White blood cells as novel mortality predictor in hemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transpl 2003; 18: 1167-1173.
29. Bash LD, Erlinger TP, Coresh J, Marsh-Manji J, Folsom AR, Astor BC. Inflammation, hemostasis and the risk of kidney function decline in atherosclerosis risk in community (ARIC) study. Am J Kidney Dis 2009; 53: 596-605.
30. Fried L, Solomon C, Shlipak M, Seliger S, Stehman-Breen C, Bleyer AJ, et al. Inflammatory and prothrombotic markers and the progression of renal disease in elderly individuals. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004; 15: 3184-3191.
31. George C, Matsha TE, Erassmus RT, Kengne AP. Haematological profile of chronic kidney disease in a mixed- ancestry South African population: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2018; 8: e025694.
32. Bouts AH, Out TA, Schroder CH, Monnens LA, Nauta J, Krediet RT, et al. Characteristics of peripheral and peritoneal white blood cells in children with chronic renal failure, dialyzed or not. Perit Dial Int 2000; 20: 748-756.
33. Assaduzzaman M, Shobnam A, Farukuzzaman M, Gaffar A, Juliana FM, Sharker T, et al. Assessment of red blood cell indices, white blood cells, platelets indices and procalcitonin of chronic kidney disease patients under hemodialysis. Int J Health Res 2018; 8 (8): 98-109.
34. Litjens NH, Van Druningen CJ, Betjes MG. Progressive loss of renal function is associated with activation and depletion of naive T lymphocytes. Clin Immunol 2006: 118:83-91.
35. Habib A, Ahmad R, Rehman S. Haemotological changes in patients of chronic renal failure and the effect on haemodialysis on these parameters. IJRMS 2017; 5(11): 4998-5003.
36. Talwar VK, Gupta HL, Shashinarayan XX. Clinico-haematological profile in chronic renal failure J Assoc Physicians India 2002; 50: 228-233.
37. Kaze FF, Kowo MP, Wagou IN, Maimouna M, Fouda HDME, Halle MP. Hematological disorders during chronic kidney disease stages 3 to 5 non-dialysed in Cameroun. Open J Nephrol 2020; 10(2): 61-72.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Momodu Imoru, Zainab Ibrahim Ishaq, Hamidu Muhammad Liman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The Journal is owned, published and copyrighted by the Nigerian Medical Association, River state Branch. The copyright of papers published are vested in the journal and the publisher. In line with our open access policy and the Creative Commons Attribution License policy authors are allowed to share their work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
This is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author.
The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, and so forth in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that these names are not protected by the relevant laws and regulations. While the advice and information in this journal are believed to be true and accurate on the date of its going to press, neither the authors, the editors, nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.
TNHJ also supports open access archiving of articles published in the journal after three months of publication. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g, in institutional repositories or on their website) within the stated period, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access). All requests for permission for open access archiving outside this period should be sent to the editor via email to editor@tnhjph.com.
