Impact of Cucumber Supplementation on some Hepato-Renal Parameters in the Elderly Individuals in Nnewi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60787/tnhj.v24i4.911Keywords:
Cucumis sativus, Cucumber, Kidney, Liver, Urea, Creatinine, Liver EnzymesAbstract
Background: As people age, they often undergo different changes in biochemical markers, which may make them more vulnerable to problems related to liver and kidney disease. Incorporating foods high in antioxidant-rich compounds may have a favorable effect on the liver and kidney function. Cucumis sativus (cucumber) contains inorganic elements and phytochemicals believed to play important roles in human health, particularly in terms of the liver and kidney health and function.
Method: This pre-post study evaluated the effect of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) supplementation on some hepatorenal parameters in older adults in Nnewi. Thirty (30) apparently healthy older adults (15 males and 15 females) aged between 45 and 75 years were recruited for the study using simple random sampling. Five milliliters (5ml) of fasting venous sample was taken from each participant on day 0 and at 28 days following daily consumption of 400g cucumber. Serum urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were analysed using spectrophotometric methods. Frequencies, percentages and paired t-test was used to compare the data obtained before and after cucumber supplementation with statistical significance assumed at p<0.05.
Results: The results showed that the mean serum urea (4.68±1.22 Vs 4.32±0.97; P=0.026) and creatinine (105.33±14.35 Vs 95.63±12.75; P=0.000) levels as well as ALT (6.82±3.76 Vs 5.64±3.42; P=0.002), AST (5.88±3.25 Vs 5.51±3.05; P=0.037) and ALP (35.06±6.14 Vs 29.72±9.76; P=0.000) activities were all significantly decreased after cucumber supplementation when compared to their baseline levels.
Conclusion: This study has shown that cucumber has hepatorenal-protective effects.
Downloads
References
Obakan YP, Arisan ED, Mehdizadehtapeh L, Uysal-Onganer P, Coker-Gurkan A. The Use of Plant Steroids in Viral Disease Treatments: Current Status and Future Perspectives. European Journal of Biology. 2023;82(1): 86-94. Doi: 10.26650/EurJBiol.2023.1130357
Rajalakshmi S, Vijayakumar S, Arulmozhi P. Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants in Thanjavur and Its Surrounding (Tamil Nadu-India). Acta Ecologica Sinica. 2019; 39:380–397.
Analike RA, Ahaneku JE, Ahaneku GI, Ajaghaku DL, Meludu SC, Ezeugwunne IP, Onah CE, Ogbodo EC. Effect of Ethanoic Extract of Gongronema latifolium Leaves on Malondialdehyde Level and Antioxidant Enzymes Activities in Tissue Samples of Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Male Wistar Rats. Asian Journal of Cardiology Research. 2022; 6(1): 1-12.
Analike RA, Ahaneku JE, Njoku MC, Ezeugwunne IP, Ahaneku GI, Ogbodo EC. Effects of Tetracarpidium conophorum - ‘Nigerian Walnuts’ On Blood Lipids, Lipoproteins and Glucose Values in Adult Nigerians. International Journal of Innovative Research and Advanced Studies (IJIRAS). 2017; 4(7): 67-71.
Ezeodili VK, Ihim AC, Ogbodo EC, Ezeugwunne IP, Analike RA, Onah CE, Amah UK, Okwara JE, Ezego AI, Ugwu MC, Oguaka VN, Asebioyo SJ. Effect of Cucumber consumption on serum lipid profile and liver aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase in apparently healthy undergraduate students. International Journal of Basic, Applied and Innovative Research. 2017; 6(2):38-45.
Ogbodo EC, Ezeugwunne IP, Analike RA, Ezeodili VK, Egbe JU, Obiorah MO, Aguta UE, Madukwe DUP, Nwanko JC, Onah CE, Ugwu MC, Meludu SC. Effect of Cucumber consumption on plasma creatinine, urea, uric acid and glucose levels on apparently healthy students of College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria. International Journal of Basic Applied and Innovative Research. 2017; 6(1): 2-9.
Nwogor TA, Ogbodo EC, Amah UK, Ezeugwunne IP, Onah CE, Okwara JE, Onuegbu AJ, Olisekodiaka MJ, Analike RA, Meludu SC. The Effects of Moringa Oleifera Intake on Plasma Glucose and Serum Lipid Concentrations in Apparently Healthy Students of College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria. International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences. 2017; 4(4):89-99.
Onah CE, Onah FC, Ehiaghe FA, Onyegbule AO, Ogbodo EC, Ijeomah AU, Olisah CM, Nnaemeka WS, Meludu SC, Dioka CE. Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Moringa Oleifera in Lead Poisoning: An Investigation of its Effects on Blood Lead Levels and Oxidative Stress in Rats. International Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Research. 2023; 9(2):1-6.
Eze BC, Ezejindu DN, Ogbodo EC, Ezeugwunne IP, Amah AK, Agada UN, Onuora IJ, Obi-Ezeani CN, Egwuatu FO, Odumodu IO. The effects of aqueous leaf extract of Telfaira occidentalis (fluted pumpkin) on some hematological parameters in adult female wistar rats. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Holistic Health. 2019; 5(2):106-109.
Eze BC, Ogbodo EC, Ezejindu DN, Ezeugwunne IP, Analike RA, Onuora IJ, Amah AK, Odumodu IO, Obi-Ezeani CN, Egwuatu FO. Hepatoprotective potential of the aqueous leaf extract of Telfairia occidentalis on the Liver function parameters in Adult Wistar Rats. Annals of Geriatric Education and Medical Sciences. 2020; 7(1):39-42.
Maduka IC, Analike RA, Chiwetalu SN, Ogbodo EC, Nnamdi JC, Njoku CM, Amah AK, Agada UN. Evaluation of plasma glucose and serum lipid profile levels among students in Nnewi consuming Glycine max (soya bean). International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 2021; 12(4):2085-2092.
Okogeri O, Onu R. Nutritional and phytochemical profiles of three neglected fruit seeds from Ebonyi state. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition. 2016; 1(3):42-44.
Bajpai VK, Kim J, Park Y, Kang SC. In vivo Pharmacological Effectiveness of Heat-treated Cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) Juice against CCl4-induced Detoxification in a Rat Model. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research. 2017;51(2):280-287.
doi: 10.5530/ijper.51.2.33
Uzuazokaro MMA, Nwodo OFC, Anosike CA. Phytochemical and proximate composition of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) fruit from Nsukka, Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2018; 17(38), 1215-1219. Doi: 10.5897/AJB2018.16410.
Mandey JS, Wolayan FR, Pontoh CJ, Sondakh BFJ. Phytochemical characterisation of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seeds as candidate of water additive for organic broiler chickens. Journal of Advanced Agricultural Technologies. 2019; 6(1), 61-64.
Oragwu IP, Okolo AJ, Emmanuel IV, Okoli PO, Osuagwu CC. Onyia, OE, Usiakpebru AA, Okechukwu JO. Phytochemical and Proximate Composition of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) Seed Oil. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation. 2021; 8(2): 244-250. Doi: 10.51244/IJRSI.2021.8207.
Bencheikh N, Elbouzidi A, Kharchoufa L, Ouassou H, Alami Merrouni I, Mechchate H, Es-Safi I, Hano C, Addi M, Bouhrim M, Eto B, Elachouri M. Inventory of Medicinal Plants Used Traditionally to Manage Kidney Diseases in North-Eastern Morocco: Ethnobotanical Fieldwork and Pharmacological Evidence. Plants (Basel). 2021; 10(9):1966. doi: 10.3390/plants10091966.
Li S, Tan HY, Wang N, Zhang ZJ, Lao L, Wong CW, Feng Y. The Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Liver Diseases. International Journal of Molecular Science. 2015; 16(11):26087-124. doi: 10.3390/ijms161125942.
Boozari M, Hosseinzadeh H. Natural medicines for acute renal failure: A review. Phytotherapy Research. 2017; 31(12):1824-1835. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5943.
Ogbodo EC, Onah CE, Meludu SC, Ogbodo MC, Ezeugwunne IP, Ehiaghe FA. Assessment of Lipid Profile Levels among Older Adults in Nnewi. Asian Journal of Cardiology Research. 2023; 6(1), 132–141.
Ogbodo EC, Onah CE, Meludu SC, Ogbodo MC, Ezeugwunne IP, Ehiaghe FA, Analike RA, Mbam RE. Anthropometric Indices, Blood Pressure and Some Apolipoproteins in older Adults in Nnewi, Southeast Nigeria. African Journal of Biomedical Research. 2024a; 27(1): 39-47. Doi: 10.4314/ajbr. v27i1.5.
Ogbodo EC, Onah CE, Amah AK, Okeke CS, Obiorah MO, Okezie AO, Ogalagu RO, Iwuji JC, Mbam RE, Meludu SC. Assessment of fasting plasma glucose, insulin, insulin resistance and glycated haemoglobin as markers of glycemic control in apparently healthy older adults in Nnewi. Indian Journal of Forensic and Community Medicine. 2024b; 11(2):49-55. doi: 10.18231/j.ijfcm.2024.013.
Aggarwal, R, Ranganathan P. Study designs: Part 4 - Interventional studies. Perspectives in Clinical Research. 2019; 10(3):137–139. doi: 10.4103/picr.PICR_91_19.
Thiese MS. Observational and interventional study design types; an overview. Biochemia Medica. 2014; 24(2):199–210. doi: 10.11613/BM.2014.022.
Laron K. Creatinine assay by reaction kinetic approach. Clinica Chimica Acta. 1972; 41:209- 217.
Ochei J, Kolhatkar J. Estimation of plasma urea by Berthelot reaction. In: Medical Laboratory Science, Theory and Practice, 6th reprint, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 2007, 114-115.
Reitman S, Frankel SA. Colorimetric method for aspartate and alanine aminotransferases in serum. American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1957; 28:56-63.
Bessey OA, Lowry OH, Brock MJ. One-point colorimetric method of determining alkaline phosphatase in serum or plasma. Journal of Biology and Chemistry. 1946; 164:3217.
IBM Corp. Released 2019. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
Heidari H, Kamalinejad M, Eskandari MR. Hepatoprotective activity of Cucumis sativus against cumene hydroperoxide induced-oxidative stress. Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2012;7(5):S936.
Olubunmi GA, Adeyemi SA. Effect of Allium Cepa Supplemented Diets on Plasma Glucose, Electrolytes and Renal Histology of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS). 2015; 10(4), 25-32.
Fatima N, Fatmi N, Shahzada M, Sharma S, Kumar R, Ali M, Kumar A. Ameliorating Effect of Cucumis sativus (Cucumbers) against Arsenic Induced Toxicity in Mice. Open Journal of Pathology. 2018; 8:78-84. doi: 10.4236/ojpathology.2018.83009.
Ofoego UC, Nweke EO, Nzube OM. Ameliorative Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Pulp on Alloxan Induced Kidney Toxicity in Male Adult Wistar Rats. Journal of Natural Sciences Research. 2019; 9(4):12-22. doi: 10.7176/JNSR.
Saleem M, Javed F, Asif M, Baig MK, Arif M. HPLC Analysis and In Vivo Renoprotective Evaluation of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Cucumis melo Seeds in Gentamicin-Induced Renal Damage. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 55(4), 107. doi: 10.3390/medicina55040107
Abu OD, Awhin EP, Ifek¬we JC. Liver Function Status of Diabetic Wistar Rats Treated with Ethanol Ex¬tract of Cucumis Sativus Fruit. Biomedical Journal of Scientific and Technical Research. 2023; 51(2):42440-42445. doi: 10.26717/BJSTR.2023.51.008065
Howard TE. Clinical Chemistry. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1989, 4, 58-62.
Crook MA. Proteins in plasma and urine. In: Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic Medicine, Hodder and Stoughton Ltd, London, 8th Edition, 2012, Pp. 283-284.
Johnson-Davis KL. Enzymes in: Bishop ML Fody EP Schoeff LE, eds. Clinical Chemistry: Principles, Techniques, and Correlations. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams &Wilkins., 2013, Pp. 262–289.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Chukwuemeka Emmanuel Ogbodo, MC Ogbodo, CE Onah, CS Okeke, MO Ifesinachi, AO Okezie, JC Iwuji, A Achiaku, KC Akpa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The Journal is owned, published and copyrighted by the Nigerian Medical Association, River state Branch. The copyright of papers published are vested in the journal and the publisher. In line with our open access policy and the Creative Commons Attribution License policy authors are allowed to share their work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
This is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author.
The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, and so forth in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that these names are not protected by the relevant laws and regulations. While the advice and information in this journal are believed to be true and accurate on the date of its going to press, neither the authors, the editors, nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.
TNHJ also supports open access archiving of articles published in the journal after three months of publication. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g, in institutional repositories or on their website) within the stated period, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access). All requests for permission for open access archiving outside this period should be sent to the editor via email to editor@tnhjph.com.
