Impact of Caffeine on Glucose Metabolism: A Review of Molecular Mechanism of Action
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71637/tnhj.v25i1.998Keywords:
Caffeine, Glucose metabolism, insulin signaling pathway, diabetesAbstract
Introduction: Caffeine, a widely consumed psychostimulant, is present in various foods and beverages, with its intake differing across populations. Its role in glucose metabolism remains controversial, with conflicting findings suggesting it may either raise or lower blood glucose levels. This review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying caffeine's effects on glucose metabolism.
Methodology: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Springer, and Science Direct, focusing on studies published in English with keywords such as “Glucose metabolism OR antidiabetic AND caffeine AND molecular mechanism of action.”
Result: Findings suggest that acute caffeine consumption may enhance insulin sensitivity by promoting glucose uptake in skeletal muscles through adenosine receptor modulation. Additionally, caffeine stimulates insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells via the PI3K/AKT insulin signaling pathway and activates the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. However, chronic caffeine intake may lead to tolerance, diminishing its insulin-sensitizing effects. Mechanisms such as stress hormone regulation, mitochondrial function, adenosine receptor blockade, and glucagon secretion could contribute to impaired glucose metabolism with prolonged caffeine use.
Conclusion: caffeine’s impact on glucose metabolism is complex and influenced by individual variations and consumption patterns. While acute caffeine intake may improve insulin sensitivity, long-term use may counteract these benefits, potentially leading to elevated blood glucose levels. Further research is necessary to fully elucidate the intricate relationship between caffeine and glucose metabolism.
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