Effectiveness of Directly Observed Treatment, Short Course (DOTs) Centers in the control of Tuberculosis in Niger State, Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60787/tnhj.v24i2.808Keywords:
Assessment Patients, Surveillance, Tuberculosis, treatmentAbstract
Background: Tuberculosis is still one of the major diseases of global health importance. It causes high mortality and morbidity worldwide. A lot of strategies to contain the infection of TB have been initiated among which are Directly Observed Treatment, and Short Courses (DOTs). The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of DOTs centers in the control of Tuberculosis in Niger State, Nigeria
Method: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, a multistage sampling technique was used to select participating healthcare facilities of Niger state with DOTs centers. A set of structured pretested questionnaires was used to obtain relevant information on diagnosis distribution, treatment outcome, characteristics of DOTs centers, challenges faced by DOTs centers, and the impact of COVID-19 on the study participants.
Result: A total of 1633 TB patients were enrolled. 37.2% (608) were female and 62.8% (1025) male. 26 DOTs centers were assessed, out of which 11 were primary, 13 were secondary, and 2 were tertiary health facilities respectively. Based on the result of this study, only 42.3% of DOTS centers met the WHO treatment success target, but the overall treatment success rate was 76.0% and the cure rate was 78.3% which is still below the WHO target of 85%.
Conclusion: There is a need to initiate some strategies that will lead to improvements in the control of tuberculosis in Niger State.
Downloads
References
Abdulraheem IS, Bara'atu H, Mairiga AG. Assessment of tuberculosis control program performance in primary health care facilities in Kwara State, Nigeria. J Public Health Afr. 2019;10 (2):904. doi:10.4081/jphia.2019.904
Agboghoroma CO, Ukwaja KN, Lawson L. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis control in Nigeria. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2021;25 (5):411-415. doi:10.5588/ijtld.20.0554
Alene KA, Clements AC, McBryde ES, Jaramillo E, Lönnroth K, Shaweno D. Sequelae of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2020:10 (8):e036562. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036562
Alobu I, Oshi SN, Oshi DC, Ukwaja KN. Risk factors of treatment default and death among tuberculosis patients in a resource-limited setting. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2014;7 (12):977-984. doi:10.1016/S1995-7645(14)60172- 3
Adamu SU & McGill D. Drugs Supply and Laboratory Services in DOTs System of Kaduna State: A Health Care Worker Perspective. J. Tuber Res, 2018 (6), 19-35. doi: 10.4236/jtr.2018.61003.
Biadglegne F, Tessema B, Sack U, Rodloff AC. Development of real-time PCR assays for the detection and quantification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mol Cell Probes. 2021; 57:101691. doi:10.1016/j.mcp.2021.101691
Ebuenyi I, Ikuabe P, Jumbo J. Treatment Outcome of Tuberculosis at One Year: A Single Centre’s Experience in Niger Delta, Nigeria. Int J Trop Dis Heal. 2016;12 (1):1- 6. doi:10.9734/ijtdh/2016/22079
Ekeke N, Ukwaja K, Chukwu J, Nwafor C, Meka A, Odikamnoro O. Factors affecting treatment outcomes among tuberculosis patients in Lagos, Nigeria: A prospective cohort study. Infect Dis Poverty. 2020;9(1):7. doi:10.1186/s40249-020-0626-3
Fiseha T, Gebru T, Gutema H, Debela Y. Trends of Tuberculosis and Treatment Outcomes at MizanAman General Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia: A Four Year Retrospective Study. J Bioeng Biomed Sci. 2015;5(1). doi:10.4172/2155
Mitike G, Kebede D, Yeneneh H. HIV infection and antituberculosis drug resistance among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Harar Tuberculosis Centre, Ethiopia. East Afr. Med. J. 1997 Mar 1;74(3):154-7.
Gadhave NA, Lade KS, Singh MC, Sawant SD. Tuberculosis: A dreaded or curable disease –A Review. J Pharma Re 2011; 4:2107–19.
Ibrahim B, Adamu SU, Nock IH, Aji AG. Microbiological quality of anti-tuberculosis drugs commonly used at DOTs centres and pharmacies within Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna, Nigeria. Sci. World J. 2021 Aug 11;16 (2):162-71.
Nwachukwu ON, Reginald AO, Victor ON, Anthony O. Treatment outcomes of new smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients under directly observed treatment in Anambra state, Nigeria. Pulm. Crit. Care Med. 2017;2(1):1-4. doi:10.15761/pccm.1000128
Odone A, Calderon R, Becerra MC. Active case finding of tuberculosis in Europe: a Tuberculosis Network European Trials Group (TBNET) survey. Eur Respir J. 2019;54 (4):1801178. doi:10.1183/13993003.01178-2018
Odume BB, Ani AE, Odunukwe N. Laboratory aspects of tuberculosis control in Nigeria: Lessons learned and recommendations for expansion of services. Niger J Clin Pract. 2020;23 (5):667-676. doi:10.4103/njcp.njcp_250_19.
Oladimeji O, Michael AI, Lawson L, Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis services in Nigeria. Public Health Action. 2021;11 (1):43-48. doi:10.5588/pha.21.0010
Olarewaju S, Olanrewaju O, Folorunsho E, et al. Treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients registered at DOTs centre in a tertiary care hospital. Tuberc Res Treatmen. 2014. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.953
Oleribe OO, Oladimeji O, Mamadu I, et al. The COVID-19 pandemic and tuberculosis control: Implications for tuberculosis care in Nigeria. Int J Infect Dis. 2021; 102:7-10. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.041
Onorikpori TO. Prevalence and treatment outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis in Eku Hospital, Delta state. 2014
Rahimi BA, Rahimy N, Mukaka M, Ahmadi MS, Wasiq AW. Determinants of treatment failure among tuberculosisnpatients in Kandahar City, Afghanistan: A 5 Year Retrospective Cohort Study. Int J Mycobacteriology. 2019; 8:359-365. doi:10.4103/ijmy.ijmy
Sani RA, Garba SA, Oyeleke SB & Abalaka, M.E. Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) in Minna and Suleja Niger State, Nigeria. Am. J. Med. Med. Sci. 2015; 5, 287-291.
Sanni SA, Mavundza E, Chukwueme N, et al. The impact of COVID-19 on tuberculosis notification in Nigeria, January-December 2020. Pan Afr Med J. 2021; 38:44. doi: 10.11604/pamj.supp.2021.38.3.28080
Tessema B, Biadglign S, Ejeta E, et al. Magnitude and determinants of treatment outcomes among tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2020; 15(5):e0232485. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0232485
Ukwaja KN, Alobu I, Ifebunandu NA, Osakwe CP. Trends in treatment outcome of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Southeastern Nigeria , 1999 - 2008. Ital J Public Health. 2012; 9(4): 1-7.
Ukwaja KN, Modebe O, Igwenyi C, Alobu I. The Challenges and Prospects of Tuberculosis Control in Nigeria. Tuberc Res Treat. 2019;2019: 2854726. doi:10.1155/2019/285.
World Health Organization (2019). Global tuberculosis report 2019. Retreievd from https://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/
WHO Tuberculosis fact sheet 2022 (https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tuberculosis) 28. World Health Organization. 2021. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and tuberculosis. https://www.afro.who.int/publications/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-and-tuberculosis-tb-frequently-asked-questions-faq.
Yakob B, Alemseged F, Paulos W, Badacho AS. Trends in Treatment Success Rate and Associated Factors among Tuberculosis Patients in Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Heal Sci J. 2018;12(5). doi:10.21767/1791- 809x.1000598
Yimer SA, Bjune GA, Holm-Hansen C. Time to first consultation, diagnosis and treatment of TB among patients attending a referral hospital in Northwest, Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19 (1):709. doi:10.1186/s12879-019-4370-9
Zenebe T, Tefera E. Tuberculosis treatment outcome and associated factors among smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Afar, Eastern Ethiopia: a retrospective study. Brazilian J Infect Dis. 2016;20 (6):635-636. doi:10.1016/j.bjid.20
Vijay SP, Kumar LS, Chauhan SV, Rao,& Vaidyanathan P., “Treatment outcome and mortality at one and half year follow-up of HIV infected TB patients under TB control programme in a district of South India,” PLoS ONE, vol. 6, no. 7, Article ID e21008, 2011.
Nyemike S A, Innocent OA, Alexander A, Treatment outcomes of tuberculosis patients in a Directly Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS) Referral Centre in Delta State, Nigeria: a five-year review (2012 - 2016)
El Emeirya F, Shalaby S, Abo El-Magda GH, Marwa M. Treatment outcomes of tuberculosis among new smear-positive and retreatment cases: a retrospective study in two Egyptian governorates. Eqyptian J Chest Dis Tuberc. 2019;68(1):74-79. doi:10.4103/ejcdt.ejcdt
Asfaw T, Lewetegn M, Tariku H. Trends and Treatment Outcomes of Tuberculosis in DebreBerhan Referral Hospital, DebreDrehan, Ethiopia. Clin Med Res. 2018;7(5):97-102. doi:10.11648/j.cmr.20180705.11
Adamu SU, Adamu MB, Mshelia YG, Usage of complementary and alternative medicine among pregnant women attending prenatal care setting in Abuja, Nigeria Scope 2023;13 (2), 330-33
Sedgwick P. Multistage sampling. BMJ. 2015;351.
Saliu OA, Idowu OA, Adamu SU, Alaba OA. COVID-19 in Nigeria: lockdown measures and a chronological epidemiological review during the first wave. Texila International Journal of Public Health. 2022 May 12;10 (1):1-22.
Eze GU, Aduh U, Obiebi IP, Obodo KT. Profile and Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Tuberculosis: A Five-year Review of Patients on DOTS in Delta State, Nigeria Journal of community medicine and primary health care, 2018vol. 30, NO 1,
Ogbudebe, C. L., Okoli, F. C., Arinze-Onyia, S. U., Modebe, V. C., & Okafor, I. P. (2021). Disruptions in tuberculosis control due to COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. International Journal of Mycobacteriology, 10(1), 85–88.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal and Publisher
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The Journal is owned, published and copyrighted by the Nigerian Medical Association, River state Branch. The copyright of papers published are vested in the journal and the publisher. In line with our open access policy and the Creative Commons Attribution License policy authors are allowed to share their work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
This is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author.
The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, and so forth in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that these names are not protected by the relevant laws and regulations. While the advice and information in this journal are believed to be true and accurate on the date of its going to press, neither the authors, the editors, nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.
TNHJ also supports open access archiving of articles published in the journal after three months of publication. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g, in institutional repositories or on their website) within the stated period, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access). All requests for permission for open access archiving outside this period should be sent to the editor via email to editor@tnhjph.com.
