Epidemiology and Pattern of Presentation of Keloids at a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60787/tnhj.v24i3.875Keywords:
keloid, epidemiology, keloid presentation, auses of keloid, keloid locationsAbstract
Background: Keloid scar is an unpleasant complication of wound healing. It could involve lesions that are cosmetically unpleasant, as well as symptomatic lesions. The common symptoms are pain and pruritus. There is paucity of data on the epidemiology and pattern of presentation in Nigeria. This study assessed the epidemiology and pattern of presentation of keloid scar in a teaching hospital southern Nigeria.
Method: Retrospective review of patients attending plastic surgery clinic between May 2021 and December 2023. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were extracted from the records and analysed.
Result: A total of 37 patients were included, with a median age of 25 years. Most of the patients (54.1%) were females. Majority (64.9%) were single, while a quarter of the patients had family history. Patients were largely from Urhobo (45.9%), Ukwuani (16.2%), and Ika (10.8%) ethnic groups. The median duration of keloid was 24 months. Ear (35.1%), chest (10.8%), suprapubic (10.8%), and jaw/neck (10.8%) were the common locations. Most of them had a single keloid (59.5%). Cosmesis (55.6%) was the commonest reason for presentation. Among those with symptoms, pruritus (38.9%), pain (27.8%) were the common symptoms. Ear piercing (32.4%), trauma (29.7%), and shaving (18.9%) were the leading causes of keloid. Less than half (43.2%) had received treatment prior to presentation, with most (75%) receiving a unimodal treatment.
Conclusion: The most common location of keloid was the ear, with piercing as the commonest cause. Pruritus is the leading symptom of keloid scar.
Downloads
References
Jansen D, Tandon R, Wang AR. Keloids. Medscape, 2024. Accessed July 3, 2024. Avalaible at www.emedicine.medscape.com/article/1298013-overview
Ojeh N, Bharatha A, Gaur U, Forde AL. Keloids: current and emerging therapies. Scars Burn Heal, 2020; 6:1-18. Doi: 10.1177/2059513120940499.
Robles DT, Moore E, Draznin M, Berg D. Keloids: pathophysiology and management. Dermatol Online J, 2007; 13(3): 9. https://doi.org/10.5070/D32m43548r.
Mayo Clinic. Keloid scar. Accessed July 4, 2024. Available at https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/keloid-scar/symptoms-causes/syc-20520901#
Alo AG, Akinboro AO, Ajani AA, Olanrewaju FO, Oripelaye MM, Olasode OA. Keloids in darkly pigmented skin: clinical pattern and presentation at a tertiary health facility, southwest Nigeria. West Afr J Med, 2022; 39 (8): 829-835.
Anaba EL, Akwara I, Johnson O. A prospective study of pattern of keloid and number of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injections in a community-based dermatology clinic in Lagos, Nigeria. International Journal of Research in Dermatology, 2019; 5(4): 760-764.
Shaheen AA. Risk factors of keloids: A mini review. Austin J Dermatolog, 2017; 4(2): 1074. Accessed July 7, 2024. Available at https://www.austinpublishinggroup.com/dermatology/fulltext/ajd-v4-id1074.php#
Delta (State, Nigeria). Population statistics, charts, map and location. Accessed July 12, 2024. Available at https://www.citypopulation.de/en/nigeria/admin/NGA010_delta/
Olabanji JK, Oladele AO. Clinical pattern and management of keloids in black population. East Afr Med J, 2011; 125-130.
Abdus-salam AA, Orekoya AA, Jimoh MA, Olabumuyi AA. Radiotherapy treatment of keloids in Ibadan. J West Afr Coll Surg, 2016; 6(4): 104-116.
Udo-Affah GU, Eru EM, Idika CI, Uruakpa KC, Njoku CC. The age and sex incidence of keloids/hypertrophic scars in Calabar metropolis, Cross River state from 2001-2006. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2014; 4(11): 37-38.
Olopoenia A, Yamaguchi Y, Peeva E, Berman B, Jagun O, George P. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and treatment patterns among keloid patients: United States electronic health records (EHR) database study. Int J Dermatol, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.17099
Olaitan PB. Keloids: assessment of effects and psychosocial impacts on subjects in a black African population. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol, 2009;75(4): 368-372.
Song C, Wu H, Chang H, Kim IH, Ha SW. Adjuvant single-fraction radiotherapy is safe and effective for intractable keloids. J Radiat Res, 2014; 55(5): 912-916.
Michael AI, Ademola SA, Olawoye OA, Iyun AO, Oluwatosin OM. Paediatric keloids: A 6-years retrospective review. Pediatr Dermatol, 2017; 34(6): 673-676. https://doi.org10.1111/pde.13302
Olasode OA, Bello H. A five-year retrospective study of keloidal patterns at a tertiary skin clinic in southwest Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Dermatology, 2018; 8(1): 20A-20D.
Belie O, Ugburo AO, Mofikoya BO. Demographic and clinical characteristics of keloids in an urban centre in sub-saharan Africa. Niger J Clin Pract, 2019; 22(8): 1049-1054.
Ibrahim A, Abubakar LM, Maina DJ, Adebayo WO, Asuku ME. Earlobe keloids following multiple earing piercing in north-west Nigeria: Outcome of surgical excision with intralesional corticosteroid and identification of risk factors for recurrence. Surgery: Current Research,2014; 4(6): 1-5. Doi:10.4172/2161-1076.1000212.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Isamah CP, Akpomiemie MO, Otene CI
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The Journal is owned, published and copyrighted by the Nigerian Medical Association, River state Branch. The copyright of papers published are vested in the journal and the publisher. In line with our open access policy and the Creative Commons Attribution License policy authors are allowed to share their work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
This is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author.
The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, and so forth in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that these names are not protected by the relevant laws and regulations. While the advice and information in this journal are believed to be true and accurate on the date of its going to press, neither the authors, the editors, nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.
TNHJ also supports open access archiving of articles published in the journal after three months of publication. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g, in institutional repositories or on their website) within the stated period, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access). All requests for permission for open access archiving outside this period should be sent to the editor via email to editor@tnhjph.com.
