Sexual Practices and HIV/AIDS Vulnerability Among Adolescents in Lokoja, North-Central Nigeria: Mixed-Method Cross-Sectional Study
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Abstract
Background: Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to HIV due to unsafe sexual practices and limited access to sexual and reproductive health services. In Nigeria, risky behaviours contribute substantially to HIV transmission, yet evidence on the interaction between knowledge, behaviour, and socio-economic factors among adolescents in Lokoja is limited. This study assessed sexual practices, condom use patterns, sources of HIV/AIDS information, and factors influencing HIV vulnerability among adolescents in Lokoja, North-Central Nigeria.
Methods: A mixed-methods descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 adolescents aged 10–19 years. Multistage sampling was used for the quantitative survey, while purposive sampling recruited participants for six focus group discussions (FGDs). Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS version 25 with descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Qualitative data were analysed thematically to explore perceptions, experiences, and socio-cultural influences on sexual behaviour.
Results: Of respondents, 45.5% reported ever having sexual intercourse, and 34.5% were currently sexually active. Among sexually active adolescents, 30.8% used condoms consistently, 46.2% occasionally, and 23% never. School teachers (38%) and media (31%) were the main sources of HIV information. Risky behaviours were significantly associated with multiple sexual partners, inconsistent condom use, and peer influence. FGDs highlighted barriers including peer pressure, economic constraints, and limited parental guidance.
Conclusion: Adolescents in Lokoja engage in risky sexual behaviours despite HIV knowledge. Interventions should promote consistent condom use, strengthen peer and parental education, improve adolescent-friendly services, and address socio-economic determinants.
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