Prevalence, Patterns and Correlates of Suicidal Behaviours among Adolescents in Secondary Schools in Bayelsa State
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60787/tnhj.v24i1.772Keywords:
Suicidal behaviours, Adolescents, Secondary schools, Bayelsa stateAbstract
Background: Globally, suicidal behaviour amongst adolescents is a growing public health issue, which may result in early death and lifelong stigma. This study aimed to estimate the lifetime and 12-month prevalence of suicidal behaviours and identify patterns and predictors among in-school adolescents in Yenagoa, Bayelsa state.
Method: A total of 336 adolescents aged 10-19 years who were attending school were randomly selected for a cross-sectional study. Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire that had been adapted from the 'suicide section' of the Nigerian version of the Global School-based Health Survey questionnaire. SPSS version 25 was used for analysis, which included univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis.
Result: Lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt were 33.6%, 18.8%, and 11.6% respectively. The 12-month prevalence for suicide plans and attempts was 12.2% and 7.7% of participants respectively. Risk factors identified for suicide behaviour were being female, attending a school exclusively for girls, coming from a polygamous household, feeling alone, hopeless, and sense of being a burden, having been bullied and assaulted in the past; growing up in a troubled environment; having a family history of suicide attempts and having access to means of suicide. Drug abuse (p = 0.027) were associated with increased likelihood of suicidal attempt only.
Conclusion: Suicidal behaviour is common among adolescents due to various factors. Early identification is crucial to prevent recurrent tendencies. Collaboration between schools, parents, public health institutions, relevant stakeholders, and Non-Governmental Organisations is necessary to develop comprehensive approaches for timely intervention.
Downloads
References
ICD-10 Version:2010 [cited 2022 Aug 27]. Available from: https://icd.who.int/browse10/2010/en#/X60-X84
Harmer B, Lee S, Duong TVH, Saadabadi A. Suicidal Ideation - PubMed. In: StatPearls Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 [cited 2022 Aug 27]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33351435/
Posner K, Melvin GA, Stanley B, Oquendo MA, Gould M. Factors in the assessment of suicidality in youth. CNS Spectr. 2007;12(2):156–62. Available from: doi:10.1017/S1092852900020678
World Health Organization. Preventing suicide: a global imperative. 2014[cited 2022 March 04]. Available from: http://www.who.int/mental_health/suicide-prevention/world_report_2014/en/
WHO (World Health Organization). Suicide: one person dies every 40 seconds. 2019 [cited 2020 Nov 6]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news/item/09-09-2019-suicide-one-person-dies-every-40-seconds
Ritchie H, Roser M, Ortiz-Ospina E. Suicide - Our World in Data. 2020 [cited 2022 Aug 25]. Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/suicide
FastStats - Adolescent Health. 2020 [cited 2022 Aug 27]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/adolescent-health.htm
Nock MK, Green JG, Hwang I, McLaughlin KA, Sampson NA, Zaslavsky AM, et al. Prevalence, correlates, and treatment of lifetime suicidal behavior among adolescents: Results from the national comorbidity survey replication adolescent supplement. JAMA Psychiatry. 2013;70(3):300–10.
Voss C, Ollmann TM, Miché M, Venz J, Hoyer J, Pieper L, et al. Prevalence, Onset, and Course of Suicidal Behavior Among Adolescents and Young Adults in Germany. JAMA Netw open. 2019 Oct 2;2(10):e1914386.
Zygo M, Pawłowska B, Potembska E, Dreher P, Kapka-Skrzypczak L. Prevalence and selected risk factors of suicidal ideation, suicidal tendencies and suicide attempts in young people aged 13–19 years. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2019 [cited 2022 Aug 26];26(2):329–36. Available from: doi:10.26444/aaem/93817
Biswas T, Scott JG, Munir K, Renzaho AMN, Rawal LB, Baxter J, et al. Global variation in the prevalence of suicidal ideation , anxiety and their correlates among adolescents : A population based study of 82 countries. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;24:100395. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm2020.100395
Uddin R, Burton NW, Maple M, Khan SR, Khan A. Suicidal ideation, suicide planning, and suicide attempts among adolescents in 59 low-income and middle-income countries: a population-based study. Lancet Child Adolesc Heal. 2019 Apr 1;3(4):223–33.
Quarshie ENB, Onyeaka HK, Oppong Asante K. Suicidal behaviours among adolescents in Liberia. BMC Psychiatry. 2020 Dec 1 [cited 2022 Aug 26];20(1):572. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02985-3
Quarshie ENB, Odame SK. Suicidal ideation and associated factors among school-going adolescents in rural Ghana. Curr Psychol. 2023 Jan 1 [cited 2023 Jun 1];42(1):505–18. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01378-3%0A
Omigbodun O, Dogra N, Esan O, Adedokun B. Prevalence and Correlates of Suicidal Behaviour Among Adolescents in Southwest Nigeria. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2008;54(1):34–46.
Adewuya AO, Oladipo EO. Prevalence and associated factors for suicidal behaviours (ideation, planning, and attempt) among high school adolescents in Lagos, Nigeria. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2019 Nov 1;29(11):1503–12. Available from: 10.1007/s00787-019-01462-x
Nock MK, Borges G, Bromet EJ, Alonso J, Angermeyer M, Beautrais A, et al. Cross-National Prevalence and Risk Factors for Suicidal Ideation, Plans, and Attempts. Br J Psychiatry. 2008;192:98–105.
Nock MK, Borges G, Bromet EJ, Cha CB, Kessler RC, Lee S. Suicide and suicidal behavior. Epidemiol Rev. 2008;30(1):133–54.
Nock MK, Millner AJ, Joiner TE, Gutierrez PM, Han G, Hwang I, et al. Risk factors for the transition from suicide ideation to suicide attempt: Results from the army study to assess risk and resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). J Abnorm Psychol. 2018;127(2):139–49.
Bertolote JM, Fleischmann A, Butchart A, Besbelli N. Suicide, suicide attempts and pesticides: A major hidden public health problem. Bull World Health Organ. 2006;84(4):30668. Available from: doi:10.2471/BLT.06.030668
Oguche OI, Mariere UI, Adesina AD, Afakwu-adimoha HC, Akakabota R, Abanda SC, et al. Suicidality amongst young adults in South-south Nigeria. Int J Community Med Public Heal. 2021;8(8):3737–42. Available from: doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20212998
Mars B, Burrows S, Hjelmeland H, Gunnell D. Suicidal behaviour across the African continent: A review of the literature. BMC Public Health. 2014 Jun 14 [cited 2023 Jun 1];14(1):606. Available from: doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-606
Pengpid S, Peltzer K. The Prevalence and Correlates of Suicidal Ideation, Plans and Suicide Attempts among 15-to 69-Year-Old Persons in Eswatini. Behav Sci (Basel). 2020 Nov 1 [cited 2022 Aug 26];10(11):172; doi:10.3390/bs10110172. Available from: doi:10.3390/bs10110172
Milner A, Witt K, Maheen H, LaMontagne AD. Access to means of suicide, occupation and the risk of suicide: A national study over 12 years of coronial data. BMC Psychiatry. 2017 Apr 4 [cited 2023 Aug 15];17(1):125. Available from: doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1288-0
Miranda-Mendizabal A, Castellví P, Parés-Badell O, Alayo I, Almenara J, Alonso I, et al. Gender differences in suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Vol. 64, International Journal of Public Health. Springer International Publishing; 2019 [cited 2022 Aug 26]. p. 265–83. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-018-1196-1%0A
Sarchiapone M, Mandelli L, Iosue M, Andrisano C, Roy A. Controlling access to suicide means. Vol. 8, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. MDPI; 2011. p. 4550–62.
Dema T, Tripathy JP, Thinley S, Rani M, Dhendup T, Laxmeshwar C, et al. Suicidal ideation and attempt among school going adolescents in bhutan- A secondary analysis of a global school-based student health survey in Bhutan 2016. Vol. 19, BMC Public Health. BioMed Central Ltd.; 2019 [cited 2023 Jun 1]. p. 1605. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7791-0
Liu X, Huang Y, Liu Y. Prevalence, distribution, and associated factors of suicide attempts in young adolescents: School-based data from 40 low-income and middle-income countries. PLoS One. 2018;13(12).
Okoedion EG, Okolie UC. Youth Suicidal Behaviour : An Evaluation of Risk Factors in Edo State , Nigeria. World Sci News. 2019;125:51–71.
Ziaei R, Viitasara E, Soares J, Sadeghi-Bazarghani H, Dastgiri S, Zeinalzadeh AH, et al. Suicidal ideation and its correlates among high school students in Iran: A cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 2017 Apr 20 [cited 2023 Jun 1];17(1). Available from: DOI 10.1186/s12888-017-1298-y
Rasheduzzaman M, Al-Mamun F, Hosen I, Akter T, Hossain M, Griffiths MD, et al. Suicidal behaviors among Bangladeshi university students: Prevalence and risk factors. PLoS One. 2022 Jan 1;17(1):e0262006.
Bete T, Birhanu A, Negash A, Yadeta E, Lemi M, Balcha T, et al. Suicidal ideation, attempt and associated factor among secondary school students in Harari regional state, Eastern Ethiopia. A multi-center cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry. 2023;14. Available from: doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1069910
Omaka-Amari LN, Aleke CO, Nwafor JN, Afoke EN, Ngwakwe PC, Okeke IM, et al. Suicide Ideation and Its Risk Factors among Secondary School Adolescent in Ebonyi State, South East, Nigeria. Int Neuropsychiatr Dis J. 2021 Aug 6 [cited 2023 Jun 1];16(2):25–35. Available from: doi: 10.9734/INDJ/2021/v16i230171
Seidu AA, Amu H, Dadzie LK, Amoah A, Ahinkorah BO, Ameyaw EK, et al. Suicidal behaviours among in-school adolescents in Mozambique: Cross-sectional evidence of the prevalence and predictors using the Global School-Based Health Survey data. Vol. 15, PLoS ONE. Public Library of Science; 2020 [cited 2023 Jun 1]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236448
Pandey AR, Bista B, Ram Dhungana R, Aryal KK, Chalise B, Dhimal M. Factors associated with suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts among adolescent students in Nepal: Findings from Global School-based Students Health Survey. PLoS One. 2019 Apr 1;14(4): e0210383.
Eze CU, Desmond EI. Attributes of Patients with Suicide Attempts Seen At the Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital within a Year: A Case Series. Trop Med Surg. 2014;2(3). Available from:http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2329-9088.1000170
Kasiulevicius V, Sapoka V, Filipaviciute R. Sample size calculation in epidermiological studies. Gerontologija. 2006;7(4):225–31.
Nigeria - Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS). [cited 2022 Sep 7]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/gshs/countries/africa/nigeria.htm
Lifetime prevalence - EUPATI Toolbox. [cited 2024 Mar 11]. Available from: https://toolbox.eupati.eu/glossary/lifetime-prevalence/
What is Prevalence? - National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). [cited 2024 Mar 11]. Available from: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/what-is-prevalence
Campisi SC, Carducci B, Akseer N, Zasowski C, Szatmari P, Bhutta ZA Suicidal behaviours among adolescents from 90 countries: A pooled analysis of the global school-based student health survey. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):102. Available from: doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09209-z
Putra IGNE, Karin PAES, Ariastuti NLP. Suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among Indonesian adolescent students. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2021 Oct 1 [cited 2022 Aug 26];33(5). Available from: doi:10.1515/ijamh-2019-0035
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal and Publisher
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The Journal is owned, published and copyrighted by the Nigerian Medical Association, River state Branch. The copyright of papers published are vested in the journal and the publisher. In line with our open access policy and the Creative Commons Attribution License policy authors are allowed to share their work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
This is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author.
The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, and so forth in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that these names are not protected by the relevant laws and regulations. While the advice and information in this journal are believed to be true and accurate on the date of its going to press, neither the authors, the editors, nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.
TNHJ also supports open access archiving of articles published in the journal after three months of publication. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g, in institutional repositories or on their website) within the stated period, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access). All requests for permission for open access archiving outside this period should be sent to the editor via email to editor@tnhjph.com.
