Ectopic pregnancy experience in a tertiary health facility in South-South Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60787/tnhj.v16i1.204Keywords:
ectopic pregnancy, amenorrhea, abdominal pain, case fatality, ruptured ectopicAbstract
Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a life-threatening gynecological emergency, and a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in Nigeria.
Objective: To determine the incidence, clinical presentation, risk factors and management outcomes of ectopic pregnancies in a tertiary health facility.
Methods: A retrospective study of all cases of ectopic pregnancies managed at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2015 was conducted. Data collected with the aid of data-entry forms designed for this purpose were analyzed using statistical package SPSS 20.
Results: There were 2,579 gynecological admissions with 414 cases of ectopic pregnancies managed. Ectopic pregnancy constituted 16.1% of all gynecological admissions, and its incidence was 3.3%. A total of 345 cases were suitable for analysis. The mean age of the patients was 27.9 ± 5 years. 330 women (95.7%) had ruptured ectopic pregnancies. The commonest clinical presentation were abdominal pain and amenorrhoea in 99.7%. The commonest identified risk factor was a previous history of induced abortion in 328 women (95.1%). Two deaths were recorded, giving a case-fatality rate of 0.6% .
Conclusion: Majority of the patients presented with ruptured ectopic pregnancy. This has adverse effect in a society that places a high premium on child bearing. Early diagnosis, identifying of risk factors and timely intervention in the form of medical or surgical treatment will go a long way in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with ectopic pregnancy.
Downloads
References
Walker JJ. Ectopic pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2007; 50: 89–99.
Jurkovic D. Ectopic pregnancy. In: Edmonds K, editor. Dewhurst`s Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology for postgraduates. 7th. Ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science; 2007:106-116.
Panti A, Ikechukwu NE, lukman OO, Yakubu A, Egondu SC, Tanko BA. Ectopic pregnancy at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto: a ten year review. Ann Niger Med 2012; 6(2): 87–91.
Abdul FI. Ectopic pregnancy in Ilorin: a review of 278 cases. Niger J Med 2000; 9(3):92–96.
Erickson BT. Ectopic pregnancy. In: Bader T, editor. Obstetrics and Gynaecology secrets. 3rd ed. Maryland Heights: Mosby; 2007:109–113.
Gharoro EP, Igbafe AA. Ectopic pregnancy revisited in Benin City, Nigeria: analysis of 152 cases. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2002; 81(12): 1139–1143.
Monga A. Ectopic pregnancy. In: Monga A, Baker P, editors. Gynaecology by Ten Teachers. 18th ed. London: Hodder Education; 2006:97–99.
Mukul LV, Teal SB. Current management of ectopic pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2007; 34(3):403–419.
Otubu JAM, Pam IC. Ectopic pregnancy. In: Agboola A, editor. Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology for Medical Students. 2nd ed. Ibadan, Nigeria: Heinemann; 2006:101–105.
Drife JS. Tubal pregnancy: rising incidence, earlier diagnosis, more conservative management. Br Med J 1990; 301:1057–1058.
Ankum WM, Mol BW, Van der Veen F, Bossuyt PM. Risk factors in ectopic pregnancy. Fertil Steril. 1996;65(6):1093–1099.
Kim HH, Fox JH. The fallopian tube and ectopic pregnancy. In: Ryan KJ, Berkowitz RS, et al (editors). Kistner’s Gynecology and Women’s Health. New York: Mosby Inc; 1999:143–165.
Gant NF, Cunningham FG, editors. Ectopic pregnancy. In: Basic Gyne¬cology and Obstetrics. Norwalk: Appleton & Lange; 1993:60–69.
Confidential Enquiries into Maternal and Child Health. Why Mothers Die – 2000–2002: The Sixth Report of the Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom, 2000−2002. London: RCOG press; 2004.
Omole-ohonsi A, Olayinka HT, Attah RA. Ectopic Pregnancy at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Trop J Obstet Gynaecol 2011; 28(1):58-63.
Airede LR, Ekele BA. Ectopic Pregnancy in Sokoto, Northern Nigeria. Malawi Medical Journal, 2005.17(1): 14-16.
Udigwe GO, Umeonunihu OS, Mbachu II.Ectopic Pregnancy: A Five Year Review Of cases at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH), Nnewi, Nigeria. Niger J Med 2010, 51(4):160-165.
Igberase GO, Ebeigbe PN, Igbeboji OF, Ajupo BI. Ectopic pregnancy: an 11-year review in a tertiary center in the Niger Delta. Trop Doct 2005; 35(3):175–177.
Anorlu RI, Oluwole A, Abudu OO, Adebanjo S. Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy in Lagos, Nigeria. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2005; 84(2): 184–188.
Lawani OL, Anozie OB, Ezeonu PO. Ectopic pregnancy: a life-threatening gynaecological emergency. Int J Women’s Health 2013; 5: 515-521.
Oronsaye AU, Odiase GI. Incidence of ectopic pregnancy in Benin City, Nigeria. Trop Doct 1981;11(4):160–163.
Ola ER, Imosemi DO, Egwuatu JI, Abudu OO. Ectopic pregnancy: Lagos University Teaching Hospital experience over a five-year period. Niger Q J Hosp Med 1999; 9(2): 100–103.
Ekele BA. Medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy using parenteral methotrexate. West Afr J Med 2001; 20(3):181–183.
Baffoe S, Nkyekyer K. Ectopic pregnancy in Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana: a three-year review. Trop Doct 1999; 29(1):18–22.
Iklaki CU, Emechebe CI, Njoku CO, Ago BU, Ugwu B. Review of ectopic pregnancy as a cause of Maternal morbidity and mortality in a developing country. IOSR J Dental Med Sci 2015; 14(8): 86-91.
Timmerman D. Predictive models for the early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.Verh K Acad Geneeskd Belg. 2004; 66 (2):155-71.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2016 The Nigerian Health Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The Journal is owned, published and copyrighted by the Nigerian Medical Association, River state Branch. The copyright of papers published are vested in the journal and the publisher. In line with our open access policy and the Creative Commons Attribution License policy authors are allowed to share their work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
This is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author.
The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, and so forth in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that these names are not protected by the relevant laws and regulations. While the advice and information in this journal are believed to be true and accurate on the date of its going to press, neither the authors, the editors, nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.
TNHJ also supports open access archiving of articles published in the journal after three months of publication. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g, in institutional repositories or on their website) within the stated period, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access). All requests for permission for open access archiving outside this period should be sent to the editor via email to editor@tnhjph.com.
