The awareness, control, and treatment of hypertension among adult population in Nigeria: a scoping review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60787/tnhj.v24i2.771Keywords:
Hypertension, Awareness, Nigeria, Control, Treatment, PrevalenceAbstract
Background: Currently, non-communicable diseases are the leading risk factors for most chronic diseases globally. The total number of deaths from non-communicable diseases and their related causes is at 40.5 million annually. This review covers studies on hypertension in Nigeria over the past five years in terms of prevalence, awareness, control, and treatment.
Method: The search for related studies was on PubMed, EMBASE, African journals online (AJOL), and Global health. It yielded 230 related references, out of which only 10 met the criteria of being carried out within the past five years among adults 40 years and above, on prevalence, awareness, control, and treatment of hypertension in Nigeria.
Result: This review showed that the prevalence of hypertension in Nigeria ranges from 9.2% to 70.3%. The level of awareness was observed to be between 12% and 93.2%. The control rate was between 21.4% and 89.9%. Treatment rate: 46.0% to 94.3%. The treatment rate was higher while awareness and control rates were generally low.
Conclusion: Higher prevalence rate of hypertension in Nigeria may not be treatment-related but the results of factors like lack of control of risk factors and poor awareness. Other management options aside antihypertensive drugs, like minimising alcohol, fatty food and salt intake, avoiding smoking, regular exercise, and avoiding anxiety should also be encouraged.
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References
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Azeez IA, Ige OM, Ilori T, Yusuf IB. Prevalence of Uncontrolled Hypertension at a Secondary Health Care Center in South-Western Nigeria. African Journal of Biomedical Research. 2020;23(2):207-211. Available from: https:/www.ajol.info/index.php/ajbr/article/view/202176
https://europepmc.org/article/med/33185253 [Accessed 10 November 2022].
Clinical Effectiveness South East London (CESEL). Hypertension: A guide for Bexley General Practice. Available from: https://selondonccg.nhs.uk/covid_19/clinical-effectiveness-sel/ [Accessed 10 November 2022].
Munn Z, Peters MDJ, Stern C, Tufnaru C, McArthur A, Aromataris E. Systematic review or scooping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scooping review approach. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2018;18(143):2-7. doi: 10.1186/s12874-018-0611-x.
Arksey, H., & O'Malley, L. (2005). Scoping Studies: Towards a Methodological Framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology: Theory & Practice, 8(1), 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616.
Levac, D., Colquhoun, H. & O'Brien, K.K. Scoping studies: advancing the methodology. Implementation Sci 5, 69 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-5-69 .
Tricco, A.C., Lillie, E., Zarin, W. et al. A scoping review on the conduct and reporting of scoping reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol 16, 15 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-016-0116-4
Okello S, Muhihi A, Mohamed SF, Ameh S, Ochimana C, Oluwasanu AO, Bolarinwa OA, Sewankambo N, Danaei G. Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control and predicted 10-year CVD risk: a cross-sectional study of seven communities in East and West Africa (SevenCEWA). BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1706. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09829-5.
Chijioke CP, Anakwue AC, Okolo AC, Ekwe CC, Ezeudo CN, Agunyenwa CE, Chijioke UO. Awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in primary health care and secondary referral medical outpatient clinic settings at Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. Int J Hypertens. 2016:5628453. doi: 10.1155/2016/5628453.
Obarisiagbon OE, Osayi D, Wagbatsoma VA. Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among workers of an oil palm company in Edo State, Nigeria. J Community Med Prim Health Care. 2018;30(2):62-74. Available from: https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jcmphc/article/view/178112
Umuerri EM, Aiwuyo HO. Prevalence and correlates of prehypertension and hypertension among adults in Delta State, Nigeria: a cross-sectional community-based study. Ghana Medical Journal. 2020;54(1):48-57. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v54i1.10
Abdu A, Lawrence AB, Shuaibu AT, Sani T. Blood pressure control among hypertensive subjects in Dutse, north-western Nigeria. Annals of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine. 2019;17(1):59-64. Available from: https://www.ajol.info/index.php/aipm/article/view/190440
Osunkwo D, Mohammed A, Kamateeka M, Nguku P, Umeokonkwo CD, Abolade OS, Ibrahim M, K Ibrahim K, Nwokeukwu H, Zoakah AL. Population-based prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension among adults in Benue State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. 2020; 23:944-949. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_354_19
Azeez IA, Ige OM, Ilori T, Yusuf IB. Prevalence of Uncontrolled Hypertension at a Secondary Health Care Center in South-Western Nigeria. African Journal of Biomedical Research. 2020;23(2):207-211. Available from: https:/www.ajol.info/index.php/ajbr/article/view/202176
https://europepmc.org/article/med/33185253 [Accessed 10 November 2022].
Clinical Effectiveness South East London (CESEL). Hypertension: A guide for Bexley General Practice. Available from: https://selondonccg.nhs.uk/covid_19/clinical-effectiveness-sel/ [Accessed 10 November 2022].
Munn Z, Peters MDJ, Stern C, Tufnaru C, McArthur A, Aromataris E. Systematic review or scooping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scooping review approach. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2018;18(143):2-7. doi: 10.1186/s12874-018-0611-x.
Arksey, H., & O'Malley, L. (2005). Scoping Studies: Towards a Methodological Framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology: Theory & Practice, 8(1), 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616.
Levac, D., Colquhoun, H. & O'Brien, K.K. Scoping studies: advancing the methodology. Implementation Sci 5, 69 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-5-69 .
Tricco, A.C., Lillie, E., Zarin, W. et al. A scoping review on the conduct and reporting of scoping reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol 16, 15 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-016-0116-4
Okello S, Muhihi A, Mohamed SF, Ameh S, Ochimana C, Oluwasanu AO, Bolarinwa OA, Sewankambo N, Danaei G. Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control and predicted 10-year CVD risk: a cross-sectional study of seven communities in East and West Africa (SevenCEWA). BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1706. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09829-5.
Chijioke CP, Anakwue AC, Okolo AC, Ekwe CC, Ezeudo CN, Agunyenwa CE, Chijioke UO. Awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in primary health care and secondary referral medical outpatient clinic settings at Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. Int J Hypertens. 2016:5628453. doi: 10.1155/2016/5628453.
Obarisiagbon OE, Osayi D, Wagbatsoma VA. Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among workers of an oil palm company in Edo State, Nigeria. J Community Med Prim Health Care. 2018;30(2):62-74. Available from: https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jcmphc/article/view/178112
Umuerri EM, Aiwuyo HO. Prevalence and correlates of prehypertension and hypertension among adults in Delta State, Nigeria: a cross-sectional community-based study. Ghana Medical Journal. 2020;54(1):48-57. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v54i1.10
Abdu A, Lawrence AB, Shuaibu AT, Sani T. Blood pressure control among hypertensive subjects in Dutse, north-western Nigeria. Annals of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine. 2019;17(1):59-64. Available from: https://www.ajol.info/index.php/aipm/article/view/190440
Osunkwo D, Mohammed A, Kamateeka M, Nguku P, Umeokonkwo CD, Abolade OS, Ibrahim M, K Ibrahim K, Nwokeukwu H, Zoakah AL. Population-based prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension among adults in Benue State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. 2020; 23:944-949. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_354_19
Azeez IA, Ige OM, Ilori T, Yusuf IB. Prevalence of Uncontrolled Hypertension at a Secondary Health Care Center in South-Western Nigeria. African Journal of Biomedical Research. 2020;23(2):207-211. Available from: https:/www.ajol.info/index.php/ajbr/article/view/202176
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