The Nigerian Health Journal (TNHJ) is an open access, internationally peer-reviewed, English language, medical and health science journal that was established in 2000, as a publication of the Nigerian Medical Association, Rivers State Branch. The journal publishes quarterly scientific manuscripts that advance medical science or practice covering all aspects of medicine including socio-economic, political and legal perspectives related to medical practice. The journal’s scope covers medical and health science disciplines including clinical research, public health, nursing, pharmacology, laboratory practice, anatomy, physiology, physiotherapy etc. Click here for more information. Title-level DOI: https://doi.org/10.71637/ISSN.2992-345X
Nigerian Medical Association, Rivers state, Nigeria
The Journal is owned, published and copyrighted by the Nigerian Medical Association, River state Branch. The copyright of papers published are vested in the journal and the publisher. In line with our open access policy and the Creative Commons Attribution License policy authors are allowed to share their work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. This is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, and so forth in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that these names are not protected by the relevant laws and regulations. While the advice and information in this journal are believed to be true and accurate on the date of its going to press, neither the authors, the editors, nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. TNHJ also supports open access archiving of articles published in the journal after three months of publication. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g, in institutional repositories or on their website) within the stated period, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access). All requests for permission for open access archiving outside this period should be sent to the editor via email to editor@tnhjph.com.
Book of Abstracts of Papers Presented at the 65th Annual General Meeting and Scientific Conference of the Nigerian Medical Association, Rivers State, Port Harcourt 2025 (2nd – 9th August, 2025)
Book of Abstracts of Papers Presented at the 64th Annual General Meeting and Scientific Conference of the Nigerian Medical Association, Rivers State, Port Harcourt 2024 (2nd – 9th August, 2025) Compiled by: Daprim Samuel Ogaji
Annual General Meeting and Scientific Conference
Copyright (c) 2025 Daprim Ogaji https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Knowledge of Breast Cancer and Practice of Breast Self-Examination Among Female Students at Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba, Nigeria
Background: This study assessed the knowledge of breast cancer and practice of breast self-examination (BSE) among female undergraduate students at Federal College of Education (Technical), Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study utilized a structured, self-administered questionnaire for data collection. IBM SPSS version 26.0 was used for data analysis. Statistical significance was set at p-value less than 0.05. Results: Four hundred students with a mean age of 23.0±4.2 years were studied. Majority 358 (89.4%) had heard of breast cancer with print/electronic media being the highest source of awareness 150 (41.9%). The students knew breast lump 163 (45.5%), breast pain/soreness 108 (30.2%) and discharge from the breast 29 (8.1%) as symptoms and signs of breast cancer, and BSE 207 (57.8%) and mammography 40 (11.2%) as early detection methods of breast cancer. Their knowledge of risk factors of breast cancer was poor, positive family history 159 (44.4%), exposure to ionizing radiation 153 (42.7%), smoking 141 (39.4%), oral contraceptives use 119 (31.8%), being a woman 114 (31.8%). Two hundred and fifteen (53.8%) had ever performed BSE, and 103 (47.9%) performed it monthly. The older students (p<0.0001), those in higher level of study (p<0.0001) and those with positive family history of breast cancer (p=0.042), statistically significantly practised BSE. Conclusion: The overall knowledge of breast cancer and its associated risk factors were poor among the students, but their practice of BSE was fair. Massive awareness campaign and advocacy for health education on breast cancer and its early prevention measures is recommended.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ekeneam Nkadi Omo, Alphonsus Rukevwe Isara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of AI-Assisted Diagnostics Among Students of Master of Public Health in Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Background: Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into healthcare has transformed disease diagnostics, offering opportunities to enhance accuracy, efficiency, and accessibility. However, adopting AI-assisted diagnostics depends significantly on future public health professionals' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP). This study assessed the KAP of students of Master of Public Health (MPH) at Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Nigeria, regarding AI-assisted diagnostics in healthcare, including the gaps in the current MPH curriculum concerning AI literacy. Methods: The study adopted a quantitative cross-sectional descriptive survey design. Data from 205 ABU MPH students recruited via simple random sampling were collected using researcher-constructed 16-item questionnaires, organized into four sections, and sent via email on Google Form. KAP were measured on 3-point Likert scale. The collected data were analyzed in descriptive statistics using SPSS version 28. Results: The response rate was 99%. The findings revealed moderate levels of knowledge about AI tools (73.3%), positive attitudes toward their use (73.8%), but limited practical experience and dissatisfaction (29.5%) with the current level of AI training in the MPH curriculum. Students supported incorporating AI-related courses and experiential learning opportunities into MPH program (72.5%). Conclusion: These results highlight the need for targeted interventions to enhance AI literacy among MPH students and prepare them for the ethical and practical integration of AI technologies in healthcare. The study contributes to the discourse on modernizing public health education and provides actionable recommendations for policymakers, educators, and healthcare institutions. Future research should explore longitudinal trends and cross-cultural perspectives to inform AI adoption strategies in public health practice.
Copyright (c) 2025 Danladi Sam Samuel, Japhet Haruna Jonah, Gabriel Samuel, Ijuptil Amos, Regina Chimsom Eche, Ali Kime Makinta, Hadiza Musa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Users’ Satisfaction with Wheeled Mobility Assistive in Kinshasa and Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo
Background: Wheeled mobility assistive devices greatly assist individuals with disabilities. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), a country in armed conflict, no study has been conducted to describe the satisfaction with mobility assistive devices in adults with chronic spinal cord injuries (ACSCI). The aim of this study was to describe the level of satisfaction related to adult with spinal cord injury use of wheeled mobility assistive devices. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study involves 126 ACSCI in Goma and Kinshasa between January 2020 and June 2021. The Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology (QUEST 2.0) was used to assess the intrinsic qualities and services of wheeled mobility assistive devices. Statistical analysis included the chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test with post-hoc Bonferroni correction. Results: Overall, participants reported being moderately satisfied with intrinsic qualities. Notably, they expressed high satisfaction with solidity (32.5%, p= 0.003) and general satisfaction with efficacy (48.3%, p= 0.036). However, there was notable dissatisfaction with dimensions and weight (equality: 33.3%, p < 0.001). Regarding services, adult with spinal cord injury participants demonstrated a significant level of dissatisfaction with the cost (54.8%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The study highlights significant disparities in the provision and use of WMADs among ACSCIs. While users were generally moderate in their satisfaction with the intrinsic qualities of the devices, they were not satisfied with the service-related aspects. To address these issues, a user-centred national strategy is essential to ensure equitable access to affordable, locally appropriate mobility aids supported by qualified professionals.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mabanza M. M., Biwata M. B., Lofuta O. V. P., Nzinga L. A-M, Tshongo K. H., Ntsambi EG, Buhendwa R. A., Nkakudulu B. K. H. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Depressive Symptoms and Self-Esteem in Moroccan School Children: Public Health Implications from a Cross-Sectional Study
Background: The depressive state negatively affects self-esteem, particularly among younger age groups. This study aims to explore how depression affects self-esteem in children attending a primary school in Kenitra. Objective: This study aims to examine the effects of depressive states on self-esteem, in order to better understand the complex relationship that exists between these two dimensions of mental health. Methods: Our sample included 205 students (108 boys and 97 girls), aged 8 to 14 years, ranging from 3rd to 6th grade, from a primary school in Kenitra. To assess self-esteem, the Toulouse Self-Esteem Scale (ETES) was adopted, while the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) was used to evaluate levels of depression. Results: Results shows that the children generally hold a positive self-image, with an average self-esteem score of 206.6 out of 300 (ranging from 138 to 264). However, as children grow older, self-esteem tends to decline. Girls consistently report lower self-esteem than boys throughout the age range. In terms of depression, both boys (17.08) and girls (16.91) scored below the clinical threshold of 19. Nonetheless, girls showed slightly higher overall rates of depression. While boys exhibited marginally lower scores, we observed that their depressive symptoms often emerge through irritability or aggression rather than sadness signaling an important area for attentions. Conclusion : This research highlights the particularly adverse impact of depressive states on the self-esteem of primary school students.
Copyright (c) 2025 Imane Jaghror, Mohammed El Aameri, Hafida Jaghror, Zakaria Abidli, Leila Bikjdaouene https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Characterization of anthropometric parameters, lumbar flexibility and quadriceps angle of adult female users of high-heeled shoes in Calabar, Cross River, Nigeria.
Background: The suitability and health implications of high heel use are essential for users, designers, and health professionals. This study characterized the anthropometric parameters (height, weight, waist-circumference (WC), hip-circumference (HC), body mass index (BMI), and waist-hip ratio (WHR)), lumbar-flexibility (LF) and Quadriceps-angle (Q-angle) of adult female users of high-heeled shoes in Calabar. Methods: A cross-sectional survey involving 100 adult female users of high-heeled shoes consecutively recruited from banks and the University of Calabar community. Participant’s age was obtained, heel-heights, height, weight, WC, HC, BMI, WHR, LF and Q-angle were measured with standard procedures. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data, and inferential statistics of ANOVA, MANOVA and Pearson’s correlation coefficient analyzed data at p< 0.05. Results: Participants’ mean age, height, weight, BMI, WC, HC, WHR, Q-angle, and LF were: 26.59±3.34 years, 1.61±0.08 m, 60.24±10.73 Kg, 23.01±3.51 Kg/m², 0.75±0.08m, 0.95±0.12m, 0.79±0.05, 10.30±1.59°, and 0.07±0.03m, respectively. Post-hoc analysis revealed significant difference (p< 0.05) between: users of 2- and 3-inches in BMI; 2-inches and 4-inches & above in Q-angle, 3-inches and 4-inches & above in Q-angles, and 2-inches and 4-inches & above in LF. Participants’ height, weight, BMI, WC, HC and WHR positively correlated significantly (p<0.05) with heel-heights, whereas LF and Q-angle negatively correlated significantly (p<0.05) with heel-heights. Conclusion: Adult female users of 3-inches high heels have higher BMI than users of 2-inches, while users of 4-inches & above have lower LF than users of 2-inches. Heel heights are directly related with anthropometric parameters of adult females, but inversely with LF and Q-angle.
Copyright (c) 2025 Saturday N. Oghumu, Mary-Ann O. Esezobor, Ruth O. Nicholas, Peter A. Awhen, Anne U. Orobosa, Eguagie Okhuahesuyi, Kenneth A. Madume, Kayode I. Oke https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Barriers to the Use of Antiretroviral Therapy Among HIV-Positive Pregnant Women in Awka, South-East Nigeria.
Background: Despite significant scale-up of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) programmes in Nigeria, adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIV-positive pregnant women remains suboptimal, sustaining the risk of vertical HIV transmission. Objective: This study explored the socio-cultural, health system, stigma-related, and economic factors influencing ART uptake and adherence among HIV-positive pregnant women in Awka, South-East Nigeria. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted involving 200 HIV-positive pregnant women accessing PMTCT services in selected health facilities. Data were collected using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires and analysed with descriptive statistics including frequencies and percentages. Results: Key socio-cultural barriers included fear of stigma and social rejection (74%), preference for traditional or religious healing (36%), fear of partner violence following disclosure (29%), and limited autonomy in health decisions (32%). Health system challenges identified were long clinic waiting times (61%), inadequate counselling services (48%), frequent drug stock-outs (43%), and poor integration of PMTCT with antenatal care (37%). Stigma-related and familial constraints involved limited male partner involvement (69%), pervasive community stigma (63%), and fear of losing family support (42%). Economic impediments encompassed high transportation costs (56%), inability to afford adequate nutrition (52%), opportunity costs (46%), and long distances to health facilities (39%). Conclusion: ART adherence among HIV-positive pregnant women in Awka is impeded by intersecting socio-cultural, systemic, and economic factors. Comprehensive, multi-sectoral strategies targeting stigma reduction, male partner engagement, service integration, and economic support are critical to improving adherence and advancing elimination of mother-to-child HIV transmission.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ukwubile Edward Egwuaba, Blessing Adeyi Sunday https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Migrant Construction Workers Health Seeking Behavior in India- Literature Review
Background: Migrant construction workers are contributing economically to the nation’s development but their health seeking behavior has been a public health challenge. In the process are susceptible to different health problems from work fatalities, injuries, environment and higher risk of diseases and sickness. Method: Searches were conducted from inception to date, November 2021. Search engines like PMC, and Google scholar was used. Twenty-one studies were included in the review. Study finds that Ignorance, discrimination, self-defeat, work-related health risks, deteriorating working condition and living, to mention few deepens their health seeking behaviour. Conclusion: Amelioration of society (social inclusion, networks, educators), Equity on scarce resources, cultural (community participation), environmental (violence) togetherness through government and other nongovernmental organizations should be addressed. Necessary to protect, cure, prevent and promote health seeking behavior of construction migrant population.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ajoke Akinola, Anil Kumar Indira Krishna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Comparative Retrospective Review of Survivor and Perpetrator Profiles in Two Nigerian Sexual Assault Referral Centres: Implications for Policy and Protection
Background: There is increased awareness about sexual assault in Nigeria however there are gaps in the description of sexual assault survivors and perpetrators. The comparison of two sexual assault referral centers (SARC’s) can help drive policy formulation in tackling sexual assault in Nigeria. Method: A comparison was carried out of the (SARC) – Mirabel Centre, LASUTH, Lagos State, and Nana Khadijah Centre, Sokoto. Case files from the Mirabel center, Lagos and Nana Khadijah center, Sokoto were assessed. SPSS version 26 was used for statistical analysis. All categorical variables were summarized using percentages and proportions. Chi-square was used to determine differences between the variables between both centers. P-value less than 0.05 at 95% Confidence interval was assumed to be significant. Results: A total of 10,158 cases were analyzed. Both centers had a majority of survivors aged 0-17 years old. There were significantly higher proportion in Nana Khadijah center, for age group 30-39 (p-<0.0001), multiple perpetrators (p-<0.001), and sources of referral (<0.001). The Mirabel center had significantly higher proportions for ages 14-17 years (p<0.01), 23-29 years (p<0.001), female gender (p-<0.001), unknown perpetrators (p- <0.001) and type of assault (<0.001). Conclusion: There are many similarities among the survivors and perpetrators of sexual assault in Lagos and Sokoto. The gender disparity of survivors noted indicates the need to treatment modalities that encompass male and female survivors. There must be local policies that focus on sensitization, prevention and funding support for treatment of sexual assault in Nigeria.
Copyright (c) 2025 Oluwajimi Olanrewaju Sodipo, Sekinat Odunaye-Badmus, Adejumo Olusola https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Quality of Life and Psychological Comorbidities in Adolescents with Epilepsy in Nigeria: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Adolescents with epilepsy (AWE) often experience psychosocial challenges that impair their health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This study assessed HRQOL and psychological morbidity among Nigerian AWE and explored their association. Objectives: To determine HRQOL and psychological comorbidities in adolescents with epilepsy, compare findings with matched healthy controls, and identify predictors of poor HRQOL. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 240 adolescents (120 with epilepsy and 120 matched healthy controls) in two tertiary hospitals in Abeokuta, Nigeria. HRQOL was measured using the PedsQL™ 4.0 and psychological morbidity with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Data were analyzed with SPSS v23.0. Group differences were tested with t-tests/Chi-square, correlations with Spearman’s rank, and predictors of HRQOL with linear regression. Results: Adolescents with epilepsy scored significantly lower than controls in overall HRQOL (65.00 ± 23.24 vs. 82.08 ± 16.26; p < 0.001) and across all domains (physical, psychosocial, emotional, social, school; p ≤ 0.01). Psychological morbidity was significantly higher in adolescents with epilepsy (median SDQ total score: 12.50 vs. 8.00; p < 0.001), especially in emotional and peer domains. Internalising symptoms exceeded externalising symptoms. Total psychological difficulty score was inversely correlated with HRQOL (ρ = –0.27; p < 0.001). Regression analysis identified seizure frequency, duration of epilepsy, and psychological difficulty as independent predictors of poor HRQOL. Conclusion: Adolescents with epilepsy in Nigeria experience significantly poorer quality of life and increased psychological comorbidities compared to their healthy peers.
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire
Copyright (c) 2025 B. H. Soile, Olusola O Adebisi, A. K. Bakare, M. A. Adeniyi, R. O. Lawal, A. S. Adediran, I. O. F. Dedeke, F. E. A. Lesi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Epidemiology, Clinical Profile and Management Outcome of Fourniers Gangrene in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital
Background: Fournier’s gangrene is a polymicrobial necrotizing fasciitis, affecting the genital, perineal and peri anal region which requires prompt and aggressive treatment. This study assessed the prevalence, clinical presentations and management outcome. Methods: This retrospective observational study involved 39 patients with Fournier’s gangrene managed between January 2020 and December 2024. Socio-demographics, clinical features and management outcome were collated from medical records. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 27.0. Result: Majority of patients in this study 35.9% of patients are >60 years. The mean age was 51.26+14.37 years. Prevalence of Fournier’s gangrene is 32.27/100,000. Scrotal pain and discoloration were the commonest symptoms in 38 (97.4%) patients. Gangrene involved the scrotum in 39(100%) patients,38 patients (97.4%) had perineal involvement while 24 (61.5%) had penile involvement. Alcohol consumption was the commonest predisposing factor in 19 (48.7%) participants. Amongst etiological factors, anorectal abscess occurred in 15 (44.1%), urethral stricture and epididymoorchitis occurring in 9 (26.5%) patients respectively. E. coli was commonest isolate in 19(65.5%) patients. Thirty-seven (94.9%) patients had urinary diversion while 31 (79.5%) patients had colostomy. Ceftriaxone-based antibiotic and metronidazole were the most used antibiotic combination in 37(94.9%) patients. Patients had a median of 3 debridement with hydrogen peroxide/honey dressing in 36 (92.3%). Majority of patients, 12 (35.3%) had secondary wound closure. Mean duration of admission was 39 days. Conclusion: The prevalence of Fournier’s gangrene was 32.27/100000. Anorectal abscess being commonest cause. Aggressive wound care with hypertonic saline and honey and a multidisciplinary approach to closure of extensive wound is recommended.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ehiremhen Ozah, Emmanuel Osaro Osaigbovo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Proficiency, Facilitators and Barriers to Computer-Based Examination among Postgraduate Students at the University of Port Harcourt
Background: The globalization of higher education, driven by increased integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), has accelerated the adoption of computer-based examinations (CBE). However, limited evidence exists on postgraduate students' proficiency, facilitators, and barriers to effective CBE in sub-Saharan Africa. This study assessed these dimensions at the Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Methods: An analytic cross-sectional design was used with a convenience sample of current and past students from the 2020/2021 to 2023/2024 cohorts. A validated structured questionnaire (reliability coefficient: 0.71–0.90), informed by the Technology Acceptance Model and UTAUT, captured perceived proficiency (8 items), facilitators, and barriers (5 items each across technical, academic, and organizational domains). Likert-scale responses were converted to percentage scores. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired sample t-tests, Spearman’s correlation, force field analysis, and generalized linear regression (SPSS v29; significance set at p ≤ 0.05). Results: Among 137 respondents, most were aged 41–50 (35.0%), female (75.2%), married (81.8%), nurses (71.5%), and Nigerians (77.4%). Laptop use for CBE was high (90.5%). Mean scores were: proficiency 67.5±23.0, facilitators 63.8±19.2, and barriers 40.1±20.6. Only the barrier scale met normality (p=0.257). There was a positive force field score of 23.9 (95% CI: 18.3–29.1, p<0.001). Proficiency in CBE correlated strongly with facilitators (rs=0.73, p<0.001) and weakly negatively with barriers (rs= –0.27, p=0.001). Conclusion: Psotgraduate students showed moderate CBE proficiency, reinforced by favourable facilitators. Targeted strategies are needed to reduce barriers and enhance digital assessment readiness
Copyright (c) 2025 Onwuagbaizu Ebele, Daprim Samuel Ogaji https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Maternal Satisfaction with Routine Immunization Services at a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Ekiti State, South Western Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Maternal satisfaction is critical for the uptake routine immunization services globally. Routine immunization services uptake is suboptimal in many developing countries. The objective of this study is to assess maternal satisfaction with routine immunization services at a tertiary healthcare facility in Ekiti State, Southwestern Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study among 333 mothers with children less than 24 months selected through a systematic sampling technique from the immunization age sex register of the baby. Data was collected using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive, inferential, and logistic regression analyses were performed using SPSS version 25, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: Most respondents (327, 98.2%) were satisfied with the quality of immunization services received. Short waiting time (189, 57.8%), affordable services (177, 54.4%), and the expertise of the health provider (173, 52.9%) were the most common reasons for their satisfaction. Age was found to be significantly associated with maternal satisfaction (p-value 0.002). Similarly, occupation, number of children, and income were found to be significantly associated with maternal satisfaction (p-values 0.049, 0.013, and 0.046, respectively). Only age 30 to 39, and having two children were the predictors of maternal satisfaction with routine immunization services. Conclusion: The maternal satisfaction with routine immunization services is very high among the respondents. Policy makers should pay attention to the waiting time, affordable of services and the expertise of the service provide.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdulfattah Isa, Adeniyi Makinde Adebayo, Adewoye Kayode Rasaq, Tope Ipinnimo, Olusegun Omotayo Adebisi, Ayotunde Sherif Azees https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Healthcare Providers’ Reports of Encounters with women with Cryptic Pregnancies and HIV status of Acquired babies in Southeast Nigeria
Background: Nigerian cryptic or false pregnancy is a scam that lures infertile women into believing they can conceive and give birth to their babies. Case reports have documented HIV-infected babies born to HIV-negative mothers via the Nigerian cryptic pregnancy. The study explored healthcare providers’ encounters with women who had babies through the Nigerian cryptic pregnancy method and the health outcomes of the infants. Methods: It was a cross-sectional observational study conducted among 388 healthcare providers who completed the questionnaires from two tertiary hospitals in Abakaliki. A structured e-questionnaire (Google Form) was sent to various specialties within the hospitals via their respective group WhatsApp platforms, and the necessary information was extracted from the completed questionnaires. Results: A total of 185 (47.7%) of the 388 healthcare providers had encountered women who had babies through the Nigerian cryptic pregnancy scam. The majority of the healthcare providers were females (120/185, 64.9%), married (150/185, 81.1%), and medical doctors (135/185, 73.0%). More than half (57.3%) had practiced for 11 to 20 years, and 42.7% were within 40-49 years of age. A total of 36 (19.4%) of the healthcare providers reported HIV infections in children born through the Nigerian cryptic pregnancy. Of note was that the ascribed mothers were HIV-negative. There was a significant relationship between having an HIV-infected child and place of delivery of the cryptic pregnancy (ꭓ2 = 27.06, p-value <0.001). Conclusion: The frequent reports of HIV-infected babies from cryptic pregnancies are of great concern, highlighting the need for awareness and stronger health systems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Maria-Lauretta C. Orji, Oluchukwu C. Oyim-Elechi, Kosolu Y. Okiche, Michael O. Orji, Ezinne S. Agbo, Anulika C. Nwobi, Nnamdi B. Onyire https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Children with Special Needs: Parents Perception and Coping Mechanism
Background: The process of caring for children with special needs is congested with challenges, yet parents should be loving in the face of being physically, emotionally and financially drained. The study assessed categories of children with special needs, as well as the perception and coping mechanisms of parents with affected children in Auchi Metropilis. Methods: A descriptive survey of 132 parents of children with special needs. The instrument for data collection was a Researchers-developed Questionnaire. The reliability was established through the test-retest method using Cronbach’s alpha which yielded co-efficient of 0.859. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 24 and reported in the form of frequency, percentages, bar-chart, mean and standard deviation. Results: Majority of children with special needs had physical disability, while others had co-existing disabilities. Parents had negative perception of the child with special needs with mean score of 2.71+1.007. The coping mechanism used by most parents were active coping, social support, turning to religion, mental disengagement and acceptance. Significant associations also existed between perception and the parents’ gender, age, religion, marital status, level of education, occupation and the position of the child with the special needs (X2 = 65.45, 54.33, 89.23, 49.63, 67.21, 57.21). Conclusion: Parents of affected children had negative perception but commonly employed active coping, social support, religion, mental disengagement and acceptance as coping mechanisms. LGAs should have a Facility charged with the responsibility of following up children with special needs and support the parents to cope with the challenge.
Copyright (c) 2025 Phoebe Nwamaka Kanikwu, Joyce Ifeoma Isichei https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Pruritus and its Impacts on Quality of Life of Citizens of Ejigbo Osun State, South West Nigeria: A Cross- Sectional Study
Background: Pruritus is a common yet challenging dermatological symptom that significantly impacts quality of life (QoL). Despite its high prevalence, particularly among the elderly, its true burden remains underexplored in Nigeria. This study investigates the prevalence, etiology, and impact of pruritus on QoL in Ejigbo, Osun State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among over 200 adults (≥18 years) in Ejigbo using a semi-structured questionnaire. Participants were recruited through simple random sampling, and clinical assessments, including physical examinations and laboratory tests, were performed. Data were analysed using SPSS 25. Results: Pruritus was associated with multiple systemic conditions, including iron deficiency anaemia, polycythaemia, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and complicated hypertension. Individuals with pruritus were more likely to be underweight (p = 0.003) and experience breathlessness (p = 0.001). Chronic pruritus (>6 weeks) was the most common presentation, primarily affecting the extremities. It was exacerbated by heat and bathing and relieved by antihistamines. Participants with pruritus reported significant disruptions in sleep, leisure activities, and daily tasks. Notably, impaired renal function (elevated creatinine, p = 0.022; reduced GFR, p = 0.046) was observed in those with pruritus compared to those without. Conclusion: This study highlights the significant impact of pruritus on QoL and its potential association with systemic diseases. Improved awareness and comprehensive management strategies are necessary to mitigate its burden, particularly among individuals with chronic illnesses.
Copyright (c) 2025 Michael G. Israel, Patience O. Akinwusi, Opeyemi O. Oni, Abiona O. Odeyemi, Oluwabukola A. Ala, Oluwaseyi K. Israel, James I. Owolabi, Joel O. Akande https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Transient Autonomic-like Symptoms During Clinical Exposure: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Nigerian Health Workers and Trainees
Background: Transient autonomic symptoms such as dizziness, yawning, sweating, and syncope may occur during clinical procedures, potentially affecting learning and performance. Data from Nigeria are limited. This study assessed their prevalence, patterns, correlates, coping strategies and career effects. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional online survey was conducted among medical doctors, nurses, and clinical students in Nigeria. Questionnaire items were adapted from validated scales and contextualised to surgery and blood exposure. Data were analysed using Jamovi with descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Of 170 respondents, 55.3% reported at least one symptom. Dizziness (64.9%), sweating (47.9%), and muscle weakness (41.5%) were most frequent, with initial onset usually between 18–34 years. Triggers included surgical theatres and blood exposure. Auras preceded symptoms in 44.7%. Only the 55–64-year age group showed a significant inverse association with symptom occurrence (OR = 0.065; p = 0.035). Coping strategies were reported by 36.2%, mainly avoidance and postural adjustment. Conclusion: Autonomic-like symptoms are common among Nigerian clinical trainees and health workers, particularly younger individuals. The findings underscore the need for awareness and preparatory interventions during clinical training. Further studies with wider representation and objective assessments are recommended.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dumle Jane Alerechi-Ogbugo, Alerechi Emeka-Ogbugo , Muhammad M. Makusidi, Ibiso Bruce https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Development of Smart IoT-based Device for Effective Health Vital Signs Monitoring
Background: An important step towards effective treatment of diseases is early detection. Human bio-signals can be detected and identified for a better understanding of the bodily health status. Five traditional vital signs are of significance in the measurement of human health, which include: heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, blood oxygen saturation and body temperature [1]. In this research, we have developed a wearable Vital Smart System (VSS) with in-built sensors to monitor the user’s vital signs (BT, BP, HR), of which current systems have limitations to achieve. Methods: For the design of our new VSS, the Dynamic System Design Methodology (DSDM) was used, while the stepwise approach of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and the Object-oriented Analysis and Design Methodology (OOADM) was applied to develop a more technically robust, cost-effective and portable real time device. Results: The research produced a wearable, cost-effective health vital signs monitoring device containing an IoT interface (BLE) that connects to smart phones; a GSM interface (SIM900A) relying on AT command framework that accesses defined medical personnel on the network in cases of emergencies; optical health LEDs that alerts the user and enables consistent self-assessment of the user’s health condition. Conclusion: The developed VSS can ensure effective monitoring and early detection of the user’s health status via an optimization of offline and online cross-interfaces of standalone sensors.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anthony I. Otuonye, Nkechi F. Esomonu, Emmanuel Chukwu, Chukwudi Ohanuma, Chilaka E. Nwaimo, Patricia Onyechere, Emmauel C. Enyia, Michael O. Umebali, Chioma U. Iroh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Ameliorative Effects of Supplements of Papaya Seed, Watermelon Seed, and Clove buds on Testosterone-DMBA Induced Prostate Cancer in Wistar Rats: Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Histological Analysis
Background: Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men worldwide with escalating incidence and mortality rates. This study investigated the protective effects of papaya seed, watermelon seed, and clove bud on testosterone-DMBA-induced prostate cancer in male Wistar rats. Methods: Seventy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups: normal control, cancer control, combination supplementation (papaya seed, watermelon seed and clove bud, individual supplementations of papaya seed, watermelon seed, clove bud, and flutamide treatment. Prostate cancer was induced by single dose intraperitoneal injection of DMBA 65mg/kg) and subcutaneous testosterone (3mg/kg) continued for 12 weeks. The intervention groups received their respective supplementations 2 weeks before induction and continued after the induction. At the end of the intervention period, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers, and histopathological changes were assessed. Results: Watermelon seed supplementation provided optimal balanced protection, significantly preserving catalase activity (6.87±0.63 vs. 4.67±1.17 µ/ml) and reducing CRP levels (2.70±0.25 vs. 12.47±5.17 mg/L). Clove bud supplementation effectively reduced nitric oxide levels (193.92±43.85 vs. 588.35±127.24 µm/mL) and IL-6 (31.47±4.24 vs. 34.88±4.03 pg/mL). Combination treatment demonstrated complete prostate and liver tissue protection. All dietary interventions provided complete hepatoprotection, contrasting with flutamide's hepatotoxicity. COX-2 levels were significantly lower in dietary groups (199.04±89.42 to 324.78±17.96 pg/mL) versus flutamide (613.07±201.71 pg/mL). Watermelon supplementation achieved complete renoprotection with preserved glomerular architecture. Conclusion: Natural dietary supplements demonstrate organ-specific protective effects against prostate cancer with superior safety profiles compared to conventional treatment. These findings support their potential as supplementary therapeutic strategies for minimizing treatment-associated toxicities while enhancing outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Karimah Mohammed Rabiu, Lawal Nura, Ganiyu Ibrahim Aderounmu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Uterine Didelphys: A Rare Anomaly Unveiled at Repeat Caesarean Section in A Multiparous Woman at Term
Background: Uterine didelphys (UD) is an unusual congenital Mullerian duct anomaly with significant obstetric and gynaecological implications. Case Presentation: We present the case of a 32-year-old gravida 4 para 2 plus 1 (1 alive) multiparous woman, who underwent repeat elective caesarean section for breech presentation at 37 weeks of gestation. Despite a prior ultrasound suggesting uterine didelphys during her first confinement (the diagnosis was missed intraoperatively), and no findings on subsequent scans during the index pregnancy, the anomaly was definitively diagnosed during the current caesarean section. The fetus was successfully delivered via breech extraction from one hemi-uterus, and a separate second hemi-uterus with its cervix was identified intraoperatively. The patient's immediate postoperative course was uneventful. Conclusion: This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of uterine didelphys, underscoring the importance of a high index of suspicion and thorough intraoperative exploration to accurately identify such rare anomalies, even in multiparous women with a history of uterine surgery.
Copyright (c) 2025 Idowu Pauline Ogunlaja, Musa Olatunji Abdullahi, Adeola Olasinde, Ajoke Aminat Oladipo, Zainab Ajoke Abdulkadir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Menstrual Hygiene Management Practices and Associated Factors Among Female Adolescents in Amai Secondary School, Delta State, Nigeria
Background: Menstrual hygiene is essential for adolescent girls’ health, wellbeing, and involvement in school. Sociodemographic factors, such as age, class, and parental occupation, may influence hygiene practices. This study assessed menstrual hygiene practices and the influence of sociodemographic variables on menstrual hygiene practices among female adolescents. Methods: A school- based cross-sectional study involved 380 girls aged 10-19 years, selected through simple random sampling. Data on sociodemographic characteristics were collected alongside hygiene practices; handwashing, genital cleansing, absorbent use and disposal, bathing, and changing sanitary materials. Descriptive statistics summarized participant’s sociodemographic, menstrual hygiene practices, and logistic regression evaluated predictors of good menstrual hygiene. Results: The mean age was 14.7 ± 2.5 years, with nearly equal proportions aged 10-14 (46.1%) and 15-19 (53.9%). JSS3 students had the highest percentage (22.9%) and JSS1 the lowest (9.7%). Most parents of the respondents were farmers (53.4%) or business owners (31.8%). Sanitary pads were the most common absorbent (32.6%), though some used cotton (19.5%) or foolscap sheets (6.8%). Frequent bathing, genital cleansing, and pad changing were reported by the majority, and 65% practiced good menstrual hygiene. Age, class, and parental occupation were not found to influence good hygiene practices. Conclusion: Despite generally good hygiene practices, gaps in product access and school facilities remain. Interventions providing education, affordable products, and supportive environments are recommended.
Copyright (c) 2025 Christabel Nneka Ogbolu, Lydia Ifeoma Agbasimiere, Justice Iyawa, Loveth Onuwa Okololise, Anthonia Onyenibe Okwelum, Otovwe Agofure, Browne Chukwudi Okonkwo, Richard Akinola Aduloju, Tobechukwu Okafor https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effectiveness of Castor Oil in Preventing Formal Induction of Labour at a Tertiary Institution: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of castor oil in the prevention of formal induction of labour amongst pregnant mothers with prolonged pregnancy. Design: This was a randomized controlled trial Setting: Antenatal ward, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (AEFUTHA), Ebonyi State Nigeria. Participants: Clients aged 20-44 years at gestational ages from 41weeks and 41 weeks and 2 days. Interventions: Group A received 30ml of castor oil and Group B received 30ml of water. These doses were repeated after 24 hours for participants that failed to enter spontaneous labour. Main outcome measure: The proportion of participants who achieved spontaneous onset of labour and the proportion of women who have the need for formal induction of labour Results: In group A (castor oil arm) 52% and 16% in group B (water arm) had spontaneous labour; while 41% in the castor oil group and 77% in the water arm had formal induction of labour. This difference was statistically significant (P value <0.001). The mean duration of drug ingestion –delivery interval was 15.69 hours ±6.94 and 17.92 hours ±6.78 for castor oil and water respectively. This was statistically significant (P value 0.025). There was no significant difference in the newborn side effects. However, there was significant difference in the maternal side effect with a P value <0.001 Conclusion: Castor oil compared to water was more effective in the prevention of formal induction of labour and reduction of duration of labour.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ifeoma C. Uche-Omovoh, Assumpta N. Nweke, Obiora Asiegbu, Uzoma E. Onwukwe, Chinomnso S. Marcel-Onwudiwe, Chukwudi O. Oru, Arinze Ikeotuonye, Amuchechukwu Nwafor, Chidi O. U. Esike, Odidika U. J. Umeora https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Use of Mobile Applications for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Safety Screening: An Acceptability Study Utilizing Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
Background: This study evaluates the acceptability for Magneto Safe mobile application as a digital solution in MRI safety screening procedures using TAM Model. Methods: A cross-sectional survey included 257 medical doctors from two tertiary hospitals located on the east coast of Malaysia who had prior experience using the traditional paper form in MRI safety screening when requesting MRI procedures. The modified TAM questionnaire was used to evaluate users' acceptability of the mobile application. This study measured the Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), and Behavioural Intention to Use (IU) the Magneto Safe mobile application, and identify the factors associated to IU. Results: Most respondents scored more than 80% in the 5-point Likert scale for 14 questions in PU, PEOU, and IU. After regression analysis, PU and PEOU both significantly associated with IU. The majority (86.4%) of respondents favour mobile applications over traditional paper-based pre-screening forms. Conclusion: These findings conclude that the acceptability of Magneto Safe as an alternative to traditional paper form in the era of information technology in clinical settings.
Copyright (c) 2025 Azizah Ab Ghani, Wai-Hun Cheah , Myat Moe Thwe Aung, Norhasiza Mat Jusoh , Husbani Mohd Amin Rebuan , Mohd Salami Ibrahim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Health-seeking behaviour of traders: a case study of three markets in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State.
Background: Health impacts every aspect of human life, and is largely shaped by individuals’ health-seeking behaviours (HSBs). Understanding factors influencing health-seeking behaviour is crucial for improving health outcomes. This study aimed to determine the HSBs of traders in three markets in Uyo, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 389 market traders in Uyo selected via a multi-stage sampling method. Data collected with interviewer-administered questionnaires were analysed using STATA 15.0 at p< 0.05. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 36.7±12.2 years. Majority had at least a secondary level of education (80%) and 72.8% were females. The most common health challenges of the respondents were generalised body pain/weakness (77.6%), fever (74.8%) and headaches (49.9%). Their most preferred treatment locations were healthcare facilities (41.4%), patent medicine shops (40.4%) and traditional medicine dealers (32.9%). More than half (57.3%) had poor health-seeking behaviour. Reasons for low utilisation of health facilities included high cost of healthcare services (53.0%), prolonged waiting time (28.5%), long distance to the health facilities (9.3%) and individual perception of the severity of illnesses (4.4%). Good HSB increased with increasing age and level of education, and a decrease in daily working hour (p<0.01). Conclusion: Health facility utilization by traders was low in this study. These highlights the need to make healthcare services more affordable to the populace. Efforts should also be made to reduce waiting time so as to improve patronage by this occupational group.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ofonime Johnson , Emmanuel E. Gabriel, Ubong P. Edem, Edinyanga S. Emmanuel, Uko O. Umoh, Jeremiah E. Asuquo, Tare F. Oyighan, Dianabasi E. Bassey, Grace C. Ene-Peter https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Interconnectedness between Corporate Governance, Global Burden of Disease, SARS-CoV and Banking Sector Development in Nigeria: The Role of Institutional Quality
Background: Nigeria’s banking sector has experienced profound reforms and restructuring, shaped by governance transitions and recurrent global health crises such as SARS-CoV. However, the nexus between corporate governance, institutional quality, and health shocks, and their joint implications for financial sector development, has not been adequately examined. This study investigates the interplay of corporate governance, institutional quality, and health shocks in influencing banking sector development in Nigeria from 2000 to 2024. It specifically assesses the direct role of governance, the disruptive effects of health crises, and the moderating contribution of institutional quality. By employing QARDL and FMOLS approaches, the study captures both short- and long-run dynamics while identifying structural breakpoints linked to reforms and health disruptions. Methods: The Quantile Autoregressive Distributed Lag (QARDL) model is applied to estimate asymmetric and quantile-specific effects, while Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) validates long-run robustness. Structural break tests are conducted to identify critical periods of disruption. Results: The results reveal that governance, health shocks, and credit flows interact in quantile-dependent ways. Short-run dynamics highlight the importance of credit persistence, governance quality, and health sector responsiveness, whereas in the long run, the rule of law consistently fosters banking sector growth. Breakpoints in 2004, 2005, 2015, and 2016 coincide with major reforms and health crises. Conclusion: Strengthening institutional quality, particularly legal and regulatory frameworks, is central to financial resilience. Policy priorities include reinforcing governance through oversight and audits, integrating health risks into financial planning, and leveraging digital innovations to enhance institutional responsiveness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Charles O. Manasseh, Chine Sp Logan, Deborah Ngozi Umah, Ginikachukwu S. Richards, Ikechukwu H. Iheukwumere , Chidiogo M. Iheukwumere, Obiageli G. Akamobi, Ijeoma B. Unachukwu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Philos Plating for Proximal Humeral Fractures: Outcome of 41 Consecutive Fixations
Background: Proximal Humeral fractures (PHFs) are a growing concern in older adults. Proximal Humeral Internal Locking System (PHILOS) plate has been designed to overcome the challenges of traditional fixation methods. This study assesses the clinical and radiological outcomes of PHFs treated with PHILOS plate in Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective study on 41 patients with PHFs treated with PHILOS plating between January 2018 and December 2020. Inclusion criteria were adults who had PHFs with complete follow-up data. We evaluated time to radiological union, Neer's shoulder scores, range of motion (ROM) at union and post-operative complications. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi- square testing with significance set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Most patients (87.7%) were above 50 years with a female predominance (58.5%). Falls were the most common mechanism of injury (78%). Most fractures were classified as Neer 3- part (65.9%). Radiological union was achieved within 14 weeks in 82.9% patients. At union, 51.2% of patients attained a Neer's score > 89 with flexion and abduction > 160° in 75.6 % and 73.2% respectively. Forty-one percent of patients had subacromial impingement being the most common complication, followed by screw pull-out, superficial infection and reoperation (7.3%). Conclusion: PHILOS plate yields dependable fixation and satisfactory functional outcomes for proximal humeral fractures especially in elderly patients. While there are some complications, the benefits of early union and excellent shoulder function support its use as an effective operative strategy. Long-term follow-up is necessary to better assess the avascular necrosis and implant longevity
Copyright (c) 2025 Diamond Tamunokuro, Orupabo Furo, Ayoko Utavie https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Influence of Social Media on Patients’ Perception of Healthcare Services in Afe Babalola University Multisystem Hospital, Ado- Ekiti, Ekiti State
Background: The influence of social media in the society is on the increase. As a result, misinformation could influence patients’ perception of healthcare services received. It is therefore important to assess social media’s impact on healthcare. This study aimed to determine the influence of social media on patients’ perception of healthcare services in Afe Babalola University Multisystem Hospital, Ado-Ekiti. Methods: A descriptive research design was used for this study, one hundred and eighty consenting participants mostly outpatient attending AMSH were selected using purposive sampling technique. Result: The findings of this study showed that respondents deemed information obtained on social media regarding their health conditions and treatments as important. It also showed that 8.3% of the respondents used social media for health-related reasons. 60% of the respondents believed that health related information on social media is reliable, but 75% of the respondents consulted with their physician before applying such information. However, 68% of the respondents agreed that social media has an influence on their views about health and healthcare. The hypothesis tested showed that there is significant relationship between social media use and patients’ perception of healthcare at (P = 0.000, X2 Cal=4.005a). Conclusion: This study showed that social media has an influence on patients at AMSH. Most patients believed that information on social media about health and healthcare is reliable. Considering the high level of acceptance of health-related information on social media, it should be included in health education of patient to ensure their proper understanding of the information.
Copyright (c) 2025 Risikat I Fadare, Oluwadamilola W Ayorinde, Gbemisola B Ogbeye, Cecilia B. Bello, Oluwafunmilayo E. Fadare, Zuliahat Abdulkadir, Oluwayemisi B. Oladipo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Awareness of the Violence Against Persons Prohibition Law and its Association with Female Genital Mutilation Prevalence among Youths in Oyigbo, Rivers State
Background: The study assessed the “awareness of violence against persons prohibition (VAPP) law and its association with prevalence of female genital mutilation among youths in Oyigbo, Rivers State, Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 496 youths (15-24) years old. It employed a multistage sampling technique. Data was collected via a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 27, using Pearson’s Chi-square test for statistical associations. Results: The median age is 23 years, females; 387 (78.0 %) and 330 (66.5%) had secondary education. The awareness about female genital mutilation was 164 (33.1%), while the prevalence of FGC among female youths was 95 (24.5%), and 109 (22.0%) among all respondents. Only 88 (17.7%) were aware of the VAPP law. Age (χ2 = 12.97; p < 0.001), occupation (χ2 = 9.82; p < 0.019), marital status (χ2 = 32.27; p < 0.001) awareness of FGC (χ2 = 12.26; p < 0.001), and awareness of male circumcision (χ2 = 40.73; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with female genital cutting (FGC). Specifically, those who were married were 5.2 times more likely to have had FGC compared to those who were single (aOR=5.2, 95% CI: 1.0-27.4, p=0.050), additionally, those who were aware of female circumcision were less likely to have had FGC (aOR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.10-0.12, p=0.001). Conclusion: The awareness of the VAPP law is low, and the prevalence of FGC remains high. There is a need to scale up public health awareness and sensitistion efforts to improve preventive measures against FGC.
Violence Against Persons Prohibition Law (VAPP)
Copyright (c) 2025 Vivian I. Ogbonna, Chidinma Opara, Carol B. Joseph, Nneka Okongwu, Bademosi Adetomi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Abuja, North-central Nigeria: A 5-Year Institutional Review of Indications and Pathological Outcomes
Background: Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) is a powerful diagnostic and therapeutic tool in the management of upper gastrointestinal tract diseases. Apart from clear mucosal views, OGD allows mucosal biopsies for histological examination or detection of Helicobacter pylori infection, brushings for cytology and aspirates for microbiological culture. Objectives: To review the indications, endoscopic findings and histopathological outcomes of the OGDs in a private hospital in Abuja, Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective observational study of retrieved records of all the patients who had upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for both diagnostic and therapeutic indications between January 2017 and December 2021. Results: One hundred and thirty patients had oesophagogastroduodenoscopy done. Their ages ranged from 15 to 82 years with a mean of 48.5 ± 15.6 SD. Out of 130 patients, 62(47.7%) were males and 68(52.3%) females giving a near-equal M:F ratio 1:1. Most patients 99(90%) were negative for H. pylori test. The commonest indications were epigastric pain 75(28.3%) and upper GI bleeding 66(24.9%). Epigastric mass, and postprandial vomiting were the least 2(0.8%). Therapeutic indications were insertion of gastric balloon 18(6.7%) and balloon dilatation 2(0.8%). Majority 60(46.0%) had gastritis; oesophageal varices and duodenal polyp were the least 3(2.3%). Normal OGD was 20(15.4%). Histological diagnosis of severe chronic gastritis was 71(63.4%), adenocarcinoma of the stomach 5(4.5%). Barrett’s oesophagus and gastrointestinal stromal tumour were the least, 1(0.9%) each. Vomiting 3(2.3%) was the only morbidity. There was no mortality. Conclusion: The commonest indication was chronic gastritis and OGD is safe. Therapeutic indication like gastric balloon insertion for weight reduction is increasing.
Copyright (c) 2025 Michael Ehienagudia Aghahowa, Iliya Karliyus Salu, Okundayo Emuze, Sule Ahmed, Muslimat Ajibola Alada, Sunday Ikeyah Atinko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Psychological Health of Undergraduate Medical Students and Its Associated Factors in A Tertiary Institution, South-South, Nigeria.
Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) highlights that many mental health conditions first appear before 24 years of age. Thus, the undergraduate period is especially crucial for the psychological health of medical students as they are a vulnerable population. This study assessed the psychological health of undergraduate medical students and its associated factors in a tertiary institution in Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from December, 2021 to February, 2023 among 611 undergraduate medical students in the School of Medicine, University of Benin, Nigeria, using stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire adapting the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Univariate and Bivariate analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 25 software. Results: Two-thirds of respondents were at increased risk of psychological ill-health, 402 (65.8%), having had a GHQ-28 score of 4 and above. A statistically significant relationship was also found between course satisfaction and psychological health as majority 134 (74.0%) of respondents who were dissatisfied were at increased risk of psychological ill-health (p-value = 0.005). Conclusion: The risk of psychological ill-health was high among undergraduate medical students. Various sociodemographic, socioeconomic and academic factors influenced their risk of psychological ill-health. Consequently, fostering the psychological health of medical students becomes an imperative, directly cultivating a resilient and effective future healthcare workforce.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ehimemen S. Aigbokhaevbo, Antoinette N. Ofili https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0